[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-274376-105":59,"doc-detail-274376-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","constitutional-diversity-in-new-yorks-specialized-high-schools-the-shsat-the-discovery-program-and-the-fourteenth-amendment","CONSTITUTIONAL DIVERSITY IN NEW YORK’S SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS - THE SHSAT, THE DISCOVERY PROGRAM, AND THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT","","Analyzes constitutional and equal-protection issues raised by admissions practices in New York City specialized high schools, focusing on outcomes for Black, Latinx, Asian-American, and white applicants. Evaluates the SHSAT and the Discovery Program through doctrinal lenses including the Equal Protection Clause, strict scrutiny, and relevant Supreme Court precedents. Assesses how the Discovery Program is likely to be treated under constitutional review and addresses potential objections before proposing a way forward.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/constitutional-diversity-in-new-yorks-specialized-high-schools-the-shsat-the-discovery-program-and-the-fourteenth-amendment/274376/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/constitutional-diversity-in-new-yorks-specialized-high-schools-the-shsat-the-discovery-program-and-the-fourteenth-amendment/274376.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Caleb Sterling","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":46},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What admissions disparity does the article report for New York’s specialized high schools?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Among 2018 applicants, only 4,798 students were offered seats, with Black and Latinx students receiving under 10% of offers despite representing a large share of applicants. Asian-American and white students received about 80% of offers while accounting for a smaller share of applicants.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the article evaluate the Discovery Program under constitutional law?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It analyzes the program through the Equal Protection Clause framework and strict scrutiny, comparing it to exclusionary admissions programs and related precedent. It concludes that New York’s Discovery Program is likely to survive strict scrutiny.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role does the SHSAT play in the article’s analysis and proposal?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article includes a dedicated section on the SHSAT within its constitutional analysis and then considers possible objections in the proposal section, using these discussions to shape the final recommendations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},274376,1789476773,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":46,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962084925290,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","CONSTITUTIONAL DIVERSITY IN NEW YORK’S SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS: THE SHSAT, THE DISCOVERY PROGRAM, AND THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT  \nCorey Hirsch†  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nINTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1628  \nI. BACKGROUND................................................................................................................ 1631  \nA. The SHSAT and Its Origins ............................................................................ 1631  \n1. The Debate over the SHSAT ............................................................. 1633  \n2. The 2012 Legal Defense Fund Complaint....................................... 1635  \n3. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964............................................ 1636  \n4. The Legal Defense Fund’s Argument............................................... 1637  \n5. Historic Efforts to Change Specialized Admissions ...................... 1640  \nB. The Discovery Program ................................................................................... 1642  \n1. The Discovery Program’s Origins .................................................... 1642  \n† Articles Editor, Cardozo Law Review, Volume 41. J.D. Candidate (June 2020), Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law; B.A. in Political Science (2017), Columbia University; B.A. in Jewish History (2017), Jewish Theological Seminary of America. I would like to thank my family and friends, particularly my parents Barbara and Mark, and my sister Sarah, for their never-ending love and support. I would also like to thank Professor Kate Shaw, Professor Robert Amdur, Professor Michelle Adams, and Professor David Rudenstine for their invaluable insight and thoughtful comments throughout the writing process. I am very grateful to the editors of the Cardozo Law Review, especially my Notes Editor, Alexandra Nieto, for their tireless work and commitment.  \nIn memory of my beloved grandfather Ruben D. Silverman, J.D., and Peter J. Awn, M.Div, Ph.D., Dean Emeritus of the Columbia University School of General Studies, for teaching me the profound value of an education with equal opportunity for all.  \n1628 CARDOZO LAW REVIEW [Vol. 41:1627  \n2. Mayor de Blasio’s Proposed Changes to the Discovery Program................................................................................................................ 1644  \nII. ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................ 1646  \nA. The Equal Protection Clause........................................................................... 1646  \nB. The Discovery Program ................................................................................... 1648  \n1. Strict Scrutiny....................................................................................... 1649  \n2. The Discovery Program, Exclusionary Admissions Programs, and Bakke ..................................................................................................... 1652  \n3. Gratz, Grutter, and Fisher................................................................... 1655  \n4. New York’s Discovery Program Will Likely Survive Strict Scrutiny................................................................................................................ 1658  \nC. The SHSAT ....................................................................................................... 1659  \nIII. PROPOSAL ....................................................................................................................... 1662  \nA. Possible Objections ........................................................................................... 1665  \nCONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................... 1667  \nAPPENDIX .............................................................................","cbCaipi3JgBZUnc4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipi3JgBZUnc4","pdf",1987624,43,"English","# Introduction\n# Background\n## The SHSAT and Its Origins\n## The Debate over the SHSAT\n## The 2012 Legal Defense Fund Complaint\n## Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964\n## The Legal Defense Fund’s Argument\n## Historic Efforts to Change Specialized Admissions\n## The Discovery Program\n## The Discovery Program’s Origins\n## Mayor de Blasio’s Proposed Changes to the Discovery Program\n# Analysis\n## The Equal Protection Clause\n## The Discovery Program\n### Strict Scrutiny\n### The Discovery Program, Exclusionary Admissions Programs, and Bakke\n### Gratz, Grutter, and Fisher\n### New York’s Discovery Program Will Likely Survive Strict Scrutiny\n## The SHSAT\n# Proposal\n## Possible Objections\n# Conclusion\n# Appendix","[{\"question\":\"What admissions disparity does the article report for New York’s specialized high schools?\",\"answer\":\"Among 2018 applicants, only 4,798 students were offered seats, with Black and Latinx students receiving under 10% of offers despite representing a large share of applicants. Asian-American and white students received about 80% of offers while accounting for a smaller share of applicants.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article evaluate the Discovery Program under constitutional law?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes the program through the Equal Protection Clause framework and strict scrutiny, comparing it to exclusionary admissions programs and related precedent. It concludes that New York’s Discovery Program is likely to survive strict scrutiny.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the SHSAT play in the article’s analysis and proposal?\",\"answer\":\"The article includes a dedicated section on the SHSAT within its constitutional analysis and then considers possible objections in the proposal section, using these discussions to shape the final recommendations.\"}]","CONSTITUTIONAL DIVERSITY IN NEW YORK’S SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOLS - THE SHSAT, THE DISCOVERY PROGRAM, AND THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT | PDF",108]