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A task group formed in June 2020 prioritized key questions and outcomes. A systematic review using peer-reviewed literature applied GRADE to evaluate evidence certainty and recommendation strength, summarizing mortality and clinical improvement effects across 11 tables.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/consensus-statement-and-recommendations-on-the-treatment-of-covid-19-2021-update/436456/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/consensus-statement-and-recommendations-on-the-treatment-of-covid-19-2021-update/436456.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How was the consensus panel’s evidence evaluated for COVID-19 treatment recommendations?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The panel performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and used the GRADE approach to assess evidence certainty and recommendation strength.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which COVID-19 treatment strategies were recommended in the consensus?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The consensus recommended prone position for hypoxic respiratory failure, careful selection for ECMO support, feasibility of NIPPV with attention to staff contamination risk, remdesivir for mild-to-moderate cases, dexamethasone for critically ill patients, and tocilizumab for severe/critical hospitalized patients with elevated systemic inflammation markers.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which treatments did the consensus recommend against?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The consensus recommended against lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, azithromycin, convalescent plasma therapy, and intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},436456,1791034814,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","J Chin MedAssoc  \nReview ARticle  \nConsensus statement and recommendations on the treatment of COVID-19: 2021 update  \nHsin-Kuo Koa,b, Wen-Kuang Yua,b,c, Sheng-Wei Pana,b, Wei-Chih Chena,b, Kuang-Yao Yanga,b, Yi-Tsung Linb,e, Fu-Der Wangb,d, Muh-Hwa Yangf,g,*, Yuh-Min Chena,b,*; on behalf of Research Center for Epidemic Prevention—National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (RCEP-NYCU)  \naDepartment of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; bCollege of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; cDepartment and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; dInstitute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; eDivision of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; fDivision of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; gInstitute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.  \nAbstract: Many treatments including antiviral and non-antiviral drugs, and critical care are considered for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . Practice recommendations need to be updated and graded according to the critical evaluation of rapidly emerging literature. In June 2020, Research Center for Epidemic Prevention—National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University formed a task group comprising infectious disease clinicians, pulmonologists, and intensivists with varied areas of expertise. The steering committee prioritized questions and outcomes. The keywords for the searches were COVID-19 and prone position, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), remdesivir, lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ/CQ), azithromycin, corticosteroid, tocilizumab, convalescent plasma therapy, and intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG) . A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was performed by the consensus panel. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used in assessing the certainty of evidence and making recommendations. The effects of COVID-19 treatments on mortality and clinical improvement were summarized in 11 tables, and GRADE was presented to define the strength and quality of evidence for recommendation. The consensus recommended that prone position implanted in COVID-19 patients with hypoxic respiratory failure (IIC), careful selection for the support of ECMO (IIB), NIPPV being feasible but a risk of staff contamination (IIC), remdesivir generally administered in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients (IA), the use of dexamethasone in critically ill COVID-19 patients (IA), and the use of tociliziumab in hospitalized severe/critical COVID-19 patient with elevated markers of systemic inflammation (IA) . The consensus recommended against the use of lopinavir/ritonavir (IB), HCQ/CQ (IA), azithromycin (IA), convalescent plasma therapy (IA), and IVIG (IA) . The inception of the consensus and task group has provided much-needed evidence of the efficacy and safety of various therapies for the management of COVID-19 patients, and make a description about the benefits and harms for most treatments.  \nKeywords: Antiviral agents; Coronavirus disease 2019; Critical care; Non-antiviral drugs; SARS-CoV-2  \n1. EPIDEMIOLOGY  \nThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in China in December 2019. In Taiwan, the first case of COVID-19 infection was a 55-year-old woman who worked in Wuhan, China and arrived at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport on January 20, 2020.1–3 Well-trained and experienced teams of  \n*Address correspondence. Dr. Yuh-Min Chen, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Ta","cbCaiiOLxgbbt7Vx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiOLxgbbt7Vx","pdf",440117,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Epidemiology\n## Clinical presentations","[{\"question\":\"How was the consensus panel’s evidence evaluated for COVID-19 treatment recommendations?\",\"answer\":\"The panel performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and used the GRADE approach to assess evidence certainty and recommendation strength.\"},{\"question\":\"Which COVID-19 treatment strategies were recommended in the consensus?\",\"answer\":\"The consensus recommended prone position for hypoxic respiratory failure, careful selection for ECMO support, feasibility of NIPPV with attention to staff contamination risk, remdesivir for mild-to-moderate cases, dexamethasone for critically ill patients, and tocilizumab for severe/critical hospitalized patients with elevated systemic inflammation markers.\"},{\"question\":\"Which treatments did the consensus recommend against?\",\"answer\":\"The consensus recommended against lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, azithromycin, convalescent plasma therapy, and intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG).\"}]","Consensus statement and recommendations on the treatment of COVID-19 - 2021 update | PDF",1790678021,33]