[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-590581-105":59,"doc-detail-590581-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","connecting-urban-students-with-engineering-design-community-focused-student-driven-projects","Connecting Urban Students with Engineering Design - Community-Focused, Student-Driven Projects","","Community-Focused, student-driven STEM projects connect low-income urban elementary learners to engineering design process understanding. Testimony from an out-of-school time program in Baltimore illustrates how students iterate, diagnose problems, and improve designs through hands-on testing. The study examining SABES links these community-centered approaches to NGSS goals, noting that such OST contexts can strengthen science-to-life connections and build core skills like communication, collaboration, inquiry, and problem solving over time.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/connecting-urban-students-with-engineering-design-community-focused-student-driven-projects/590581/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/connecting-urban-students-with-engineering-design-community-focused-student-driven-projects/590581.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What engineering learning process do students develop in the program?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Students develop an understanding of the engineering design process through iterative building, testing, diagnosing issues, and improving solutions based on results.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the study emphasize out-of-school time (OST) STEM programs?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study suggests OST STEM environments can engage students more and support student-centered learning, helping them connect engineering to everyday lived experiences.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do community-focused student-driven projects help low-income urban learners?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They strengthen students’ ability to integrate sciences and engineering practices early, building skills such as communication, collaboration, inquiry, and problem solving.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590581,1792069943,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Connecting Urban Students with Engineering Design  \n Community-Focused, Student-Driven Projects   \nCarolyn Parker, Catherine Kruchten, and Audrey Moshfeghian  \n“Test it, and you gotta figure out what’s the problem, like, if I build the rain barrel,… and I test it out with the filter,… and then see if … the polluted water comes down and see if it can works, turn it to clean water. And if we see it does not … I gotta figure out,“What’s the main problem?” So I gotta think that, it’s the filter’s problem, or just the water’s problem   So I gotta check the filter. And then you take it out and then see what’s wrong with it, and then figure out and then can improve it.”  \nTamitha, a fifth grader, explains engineering concepts after participating in the out-of-school time (OST) part of STEM Achievement in Baltimore Elementary Schools (SABES) for two years. Other participants offered similar ideas. Our study of this OST program, focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), suggests that community-focused student-  \ndriven projects can help low-income urban elementary students develop an understanding of the engineering design process (EDP) . OST STEM programs have been found to engage students and enhance interest in the  \nCAROLYN PARKER, PhD, is a faculty member in the Johns Hopkins University School of Education. She is a co-principal investigator of the STEM Achievement in Baltimore Elementary Schools (SABES) project. She began her career as a science educator in the Peace Corps in Guatemala. Her research interests focus on equity and access in STEM education.  \nCATHERINE KRUCHTEN is an informal educator and a doctoral student at the Johns Hopkins University School of Education. She has worked with the International Spy Museum, the Museum of Science in Boston, and the Smithsonian Institution. Currently, she is part of NASA’s BEST Students project, where she provides professional development and curriculum support for formal and informal educators.  \nAUDREY MOSHFEGHIAN began pursuing her love of science by obtaining a degree in human genetics. After two years working ina teaching laboratory and spearheading science outreach efforts, she shifted her attention to science education. She worked as a research assistant on the SABES project. She now teaches highschool science at a Title I school in Maryland.  \nSTEM fields (Dynarski et al. , 2004; James-Burdumy, Dynarski, Deke, Mansfield, & Pistorino, 2005) . STEMfocused OST programs often support student-centered learning more than does in-school education, which is often driven by national or state standards and assessment requirements (Dierking, Falk, Rennie, Anderson, & Ellenbogen, 2003; Rennie, 2007) .  \nEngineering Design  \nHistorically, engineering has not been a prominent component of K–12 education. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS Lead States, 2013) are seeking to change this reality by introducing an integrated approach to STEM learning. In the new framework, engineering and design constitute one of the four disciplinary core ideas, along with Earth and space science, life  \nStudent-Driven Projects science, and physical science. The practice of engi  \nRennie (2007) notes that OST environments provide neering, with explicit connections to professional engi  \nlearning opportunities in which the neering practice, is likewise  \ncurriculum is student-centered, emphasized. The crosscutting  \nattendance and involvement are concepts in NGSS enable students  \nvoluntary, and program activities are When they start early to integrate the sciences and enginoinft evaormalluastivettiengor“icsolmpetitearner-iveled. Tahned with engineering neeringtionship, sreinforbetwceineng tthhee cdliose relasciplinesintrinsically motivated, rather than practices and design and providing context for problemteacher-led and extrinsically moti- process thinking, based learning. The goal is to  \nvatedstuden” t(-Renncenteiere, d2, 00v7ol,upn.ta1r2y,7)n. Thonee- students develop dsteavnelop","cbCaiq8j5RHb7jVq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq8j5RHb7jVq","pdf",825476,"English","# Introduction\n## Engineering design in K–12 and NGSS\n## Out-of-school time (OST) and student-driven learning","[{\"question\":\"What engineering learning process do students develop in the program?\",\"answer\":\"Students develop an understanding of the engineering design process through iterative building, testing, diagnosing issues, and improving solutions based on results.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the study emphasize out-of-school time (OST) STEM programs?\",\"answer\":\"The study suggests OST STEM environments can engage students more and support student-centered learning, helping them connect engineering to everyday lived experiences.\"},{\"question\":\"How do community-focused student-driven projects help low-income urban learners?\",\"answer\":\"They strengthen students’ ability to integrate sciences and engineering practices early, building skills such as communication, collaboration, inquiry, and problem solving.\"}]","Connecting Urban Students with Engineering Design - Community-Focused, Student-Driven Projects | PDF",18]