[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-450393-en":59,"doc-seo-450393-105":82},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":72,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":73,"language":74,"language_code":75,"site_id":76,"html_lang":75,"table_of_contents":77,"faqs":78,"seo_title":79,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":80,"read_time":81},450393,962084931830,"Jacob","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Congestion management using monarch butterfly optimization in restructured power system","Congestion management is addressed for restructured power systems where line flows may exceed capacity under power-transfer constraints. A bi-level LMP-based framework is developed to classify congestion zones using LMP differences and to select optimal placement of distributed generation in the most congestion-sensitive zone. Monarch Butterfly Optimization drives the DG placement decision, while linear programming obtains the optimal power flow. Tests on IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus systems with supply and demand bidding show improved power flow and reduced congestion cost, demonstrating techno-economic effectiveness.","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nCongestion management using monarch butterfly optimization in restructured power system  \nHemamalini M􀀍 & Senthil Kumar V  \nCongestion is an important issue and its management is one of the main technical challenges in any restructured power system. Congestion occurs, when the line flow exceeds its capacity while accommodating all the constraints of power transfer through the line simultaneously. The Locational Marginal Price (LMP) is a vital element involved in the calculation of generation units’ profit. In this proposal, LMP based bi-level approach for congestion management has been developed and it can be reliably and efficiently used for the relief of congestion in restructured power systems. The difference in LMP across a line is utilized to categorize various congestion zones while the optimal placement of distributed generation in the most congestion sensitive zone is done with the use of Monarch Butterfly Optimization for congestion management. The improved power flow and decline in congestion cost imply the techno-economic efficacy of the proposed approach. Optimal power flow solution is obtained via linear programming. The standard IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus systems with both supply and demand bidding are used in the illustration and testing of proposed methodology.  \nKeywords Locational marginal price, Linear programming, Distributed generation, Congestion management, Monarch butterfly optimization  \nAbbreviations  \nLMP Locational marginal price  \nMB Monarch butterfly optimization ATC Available transfer capacity PTDF Power transfer distribution factor DG Distributed generation  \nOPF Optimal power flow SI Severity index  \nWith the restructuring of the electricity market around the world, many changes have occurred in the operation of power systems. In a vertically integrated system i.e., a regulated power system, a single utility controls all three components of the power system, namely, generation, transmission and distribution. Earlier, with the minimization of the cost of generation as the main objective of the power system, the power system operation was very simple. However, in a restructured environment, different utilities operate, manage and control these three components. The restructured electricity market has created competition among a number of private players involved in the operation, management and ownership of these components. Following submission of bids by the Generating Companies (GENCOs) and Distribution Companies (DISCOs) to the Independent System Operator (ISO) on an hourly/half-hourly basis, the ISO clears the market and schedules the generated power and determines the Locational Marginal Price (LMP) . Congestion occurs when transmission network lines are operated beyond their transfer limit. The ISO performs actions to maintain all the equality and inequality constraints within the limit. These actions are collectively referred to as congestion management. Earlier, in the regulated power system, congestion management was easier and simpler, where generation, transmission and distribution systems were owned, managed and operated by a single utility.  \nHowever, in the restructured electricity market, the opposite scenario occurs. Therefore, the management of congestion in restructured power systems has become more complex. Details of several preventive and corrective congestion management techniques using several optimization algorithms are found in literature1,2. Congestion management techniques are market structure specific, in view of the likelihood of the unsuitability of the technique for a particular market structure for another market structure due to topological differences.  \nDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anna University, CEG Campus, Chennai 600025, India.  \n􀀍 email: [hemamalini.mp1@gmail.com](hemamalini.mp1@gmail.com)  \n[www. nature.com/scientificreports/](www. nature.com/scientificr","cbCaiiY24Ep5KG5p","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiY24Ep5KG5p","pdf",3433318,3,15,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Congestion in restructured power systems\n## Market mechanism and LMP role\n## Related congestion management techniques\n## Motivation for DG placement and optimization","[{\"question\":\"What causes congestion in restructured power systems according to the document?\",\"answer\":\"Congestion occurs when transmission lines operate beyond their transfer limit while accommodating power-transfer constraints and equality/inequality limits.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed method use LMP for congestion management?\",\"answer\":\"It uses the difference in LMP across a line to categorize congestion zones, then places distributed generation in the most congestion-sensitive zone.\"},{\"question\":\"What optimization tools are used to solve the DG placement and power flow problems?\",\"answer\":\"Monarch Butterfly Optimization is used for DG placement, while linear programming is used to obtain the optimal power flow solution.\"}]","Congestion management using monarch butterfly optimization in restructured power system | PDF",1790733064,38,{"code":4,"msg":83,"data":84},"ok",{"site_id":76,"language":75,"slug":85,"title":65,"keywords":86,"description":66,"schema_data":87,"social_meta":140,"head_meta":142,"extra_data":144,"updated_unix":145},"congestion-management-using-monarch-butterfly-optimization-in-restructured-power-system","",{"@graph":88,"@context":139},[89,102,122],{"@type":90,"itemListElement":91},"BreadcrumbList",[92,96,98,100],{"item":93,"name":94,"@type":95,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":97,"name":9,"@type":95,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":99,"name":40,"@type":95,"position":72},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":101,"name":65,"@type":95,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/congestion-management-using-monarch-butterfly-optimization-in-restructured-power-system/450393/",{"url":101,"name":65,"@type":103,"image":104,"author":109,"headline":65,"publisher":111,"fileFormat":114,"inLanguage":75,"description":66,"dateModified":115,"datePublished":116,"encodingFormat":114,"isAccessibleForFree":117,"interactionStatistic":118},"DigitalDocument",{"url":105,"@type":106,"width":107,"height":108},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/congestion-management-using-monarch-butterfly-optimization-in-restructured-power-system/450393.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":110},"Person",{"url":93,"name":112,"@type":113},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-04","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":119,"interactionType":120,"userInteractionCount":72},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":121},"ViewAction",{"@type":123,"mainEntity":124},"FAQPage",[125,131,135],{"name":126,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":128},"What causes congestion in restructured power systems according to the document?","Question",{"text":129,"@type":130},"Congestion occurs when transmission lines operate beyond their transfer limit while accommodating power-transfer constraints and equality/inequality limits.","Answer",{"name":132,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":133},"How does the proposed method use LMP for congestion management?",{"text":134,"@type":130},"It uses the difference in LMP across a line to categorize congestion zones, then places distributed generation in the most congestion-sensitive zone.",{"name":136,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":137},"What optimization tools are used to solve the DG placement and power flow problems?",{"text":138,"@type":130},"Monarch Butterfly Optimization is used for DG placement, while linear programming is used to obtain the optimal power flow solution.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":101,"og:type":141,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":112,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":143,"canonical":101},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":76},1790824370]