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The study assessed B19V and CMV infection in pregnant women showing fetal anemia, effusions, and intrauterine growth restriction, and evaluated routine laboratory screening during pregnancy follow-up. Thirteen women were tested using maternal blood, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord serum, combining molecular and serological methods. 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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 National Reference Laboratory “Measles, Mumps, Rubella”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; loraveleva9@gmail.com (L.V.); rss_94@abv.bg (R.S.)  \n2 Center of Competence “ImmunoPathogen”, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria  \n3 National Reference Laboratory “NRL of Influenza and Acute Respiratory Diseases”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; trifonova.ivelina@abv.bg  \n4 National Reference Laboratory “Herpes and Oncogenic Viruses”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; eli.savova@abv.bg  \n5 Medical Complex “Dr. Shterev”, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; chaveevapetya@gmail.com (P.C.); [vasil.kalev@gmail.com](vasil.kalev@gmail.com) (V.K.); [tania_tilkova@icloud.com](tania_tilkova@icloud.com) (T.T.); [tgvassilev@gmail.com](tgvassilev@gmail.com) (T.V.); [ivanka.i.dimova@gmail.com](ivanka.i.dimova@gmail.com) (I.D.)  \n6 National Reference Laboratory “Cell Cultures and Rickettsia”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; petia.d.genova@abv.bg  \n7 Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria  \n* Correspondence: [stefka.krumova@gmail.com](stefka.krumova@gmail.com); Tel.: +35-9878-854-203  \nAbstract  \nParvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus are significant causes of congenital infections that can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the infection of B19V and CMV in pregnant women with fetal anemia, effusions and intrauterine growth restriction and determine the utility of routine laboratory screening in pregnancy follow-up. Thirteen women with such pathological pregnancy complications attending an antenatal clinic from April 2024 to March 2025 were tested. Three types of clinical material were examined: maternal blood, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord serum. Participants underwent molecular and serological testing for both B19V and CMV. Demographic data, obstetric histories, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Our results indicate that three participants showed evidence of either current infection with CMV and seven with B19V. Pregnant women with active infections required further follow-up and fetal surveillance. A stillbirth was reported in one woman with CMV infection. For seven samples that tested positive for B19V DNA, viral sequences were obtained and clustered with genotype 1a reference strains. The findings of this study highlight the significant contribution of B19V and CMV infections during pregnancy, particularly in cases complicated by fetal anemia, effusions, and intrauterine growth restriction.  \nKeywords: pregnancy; B19V; CMV; congenital infection; antenatal screening  \n1. Introduction  \nViral infections during pregnancy are a significant cause of severe complications and mortality for both mothers and fetuses worldwide, even in high-income countries. Infectious agents can reach the fetus in several ways, transplacentally, perinatally (through vaginal secretions or blood), or postnatally (via breast milk), and can adversely affect the  \nhealth of the pregnant woman, the fetus, or the newborn [1–4] . Generally, the risk of neonatal infect","cbCaia8cwlmROPA7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia8cwlmROPA7","pdf",1952887,"English","# Introduction\n## Transmission routes and pregnancy risk\n## Parvovirus B19 and clinical implications\n## Cytomegalovirus and clinical implications","[{\"question\":\"What pregnancy complications were the study focused on?\",\"answer\":\"The study focused on cases with fetal anemia, effusions, and intrauterine growth restriction, assessed during pregnancy follow-up.\"},{\"question\":\"Which specimens and testing approaches were used to evaluate infection?\",\"answer\":\"Maternal blood, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord serum were examined using both molecular and serological testing for B19V and CMV.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study report about viral findings and B19V genotyping?\",\"answer\":\"Three participants showed evidence of current CMV infection and seven had B19V evidence. For seven B19V DNA-positive samples, viral sequences were obtained and clustered with genotype 1a reference strains.\"}]","Congenital Viral Infection Risk: The Role of Parvovirus B19 and Cytomegalovirus Molecular Genetic Testing | PDF",1790764830,23]