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This article presents a reconstructed case of a 7-year-old boy with a right defective-type cleft earlobe using a straightforward local flap. A scoping review synthesizes 14 studies to define four external-appearance subtypes and map appropriate surgical techniques by subtype.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/congenital-cleft-earlobe-classification-and-surgical-techniques-scoping-review-of-the-literature/461529/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/congenital-cleft-earlobe-classification-and-surgical-techniques-scoping-review-of-the-literature/461529.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mafia Boss","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are congenital cleft earlobes challenging to manage?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They are rare deformities with variable severity, and the article notes that no widely accepted classification or corrective standards exist.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What classification system does the article propose?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It presents a unified classification with four subtypes based on external appearance: defective type, simple type, tag with or without hypoplasia, and triple lobe.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How was the presented case reconstructed?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The authors successfully reconstructed the right defective-type cleft earlobe using a simple local flap technique suitable for moderate to severe defective-type cases.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},461529,1790815541,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090760730,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Article  \nCongenital Cleft Earlobe: Classification and Surgical Techniques with a Scoping Review of the Literature  \nYoung Joon Jun 1,†, Yeong Jun Park 2,†, Mi Ra Kim 2, Moo Jin Baek 2 and Shin Hye Kim 1, *  \nAcademic Editor: Matteo Alicandri-Ciufelli  \nReceived: 25 November 2025  \nRevised: 19 December 2025  \nAccepted: 30 December 2025  \nPublished: 3 January 2026  \nCopyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University College of Medicine, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea; [syrrjun@gmail.com](syrrjun@gmail.com)  \n2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea; [gtgtyyu@gmail.com](gtgtyyu@gmail.com) (Y.J.P.); [enthns@naver.com](enthns@naver.com) (M.R.K.); [mjbaek@inje.ac.kr](mjbaek@inje.ac.kr) (M.J.B.)  \n* Correspondence: shinhye1225@gmail.com or [shinhye1225@eulji.ac.kr](shinhye1225@eulji.ac.kr);  \nTel.: +82-10-5224-3509; Fax: +82-31-951-1093 † These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract  \nBackground/Objectives: Congenital cleft earlobes are a rare deformity with variable degrees of severity. Because no widely accepted classification or corrective methods exist, we report a case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with a right defective-type cleft earlobe that was successfully reconstructed. We also elucidate the various types of congenital cleft earlobes and corrective methods through a scoping review of the literature. Methods: PubMed searches were performed using the terms ear deformity and cleft earlobe. We analyzed 14 articles to establish a classification system for congenital cleft earlobe and to identify appropriate corrective methods. Results: Our case was successfully reconstructed using a simple local flap technique that can be easily applied to defective-type cleft earlobes of moderate to severe degree. Based on this case and our systematic analysis, we have synthesized existing classification systems and surgical techniques for correcting congenital cleft earlobes according to subtype. Conclusions: We present a unified classification system for congenital cleft earlobes consisting of four subtypes based on external appearance: defective type, simple type, tag with or without hypoplasia, and triple lobe. Various reconstructive techniques—including simple suture, Z-plasty, Y-V advancement, and flap procedures—can be applied according to the specific earlobe subtype.  \nKeywords: ear deformity; cleft earlobe; congenital; classification; corrective method  \n1. Introduction  \nThe auricle is formed between the fifth and ninth weeks of gestation during the embryonic period. Growth of mesenchymal tissue from the first and second branchialarches produces six hillocks around the primitive meatus that fuse to form the auricle [1] . Congenital auricular deformities are relatively common and most frequently involve the upper one-third of the auricle; however, congenital earlobe deformities are rare, occurring in approximately 1 in 15,000 live births [2] .  \nThe cause of congenital earlobe deformities is not definitely known, and these deformities generally occur unilaterally. Congenital earlobe deformities present in a variety of forms, the most common being cleft earlobe, duplicate earlobe, absent earlobe, and earlobe with a skin tag. Abnormal fusion of hillock 1 (anterior portion of the earlobe) and hillock 6 (posterior portion of the earlobe) is probably the cause of cleft earlobe [3] . Absence  \nof hillock 6 may lead to an absent earlobe in which a significant portion of the earlobe is missing.  \nTo date, various surgical techniques to correct congenital cleft earlobe deformities have been reported. However, there are no standard guidelines for their application,","cbCaildFarCPIRsV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaildFarCPIRsV","pdf",8296373,"English","# Abstract\n## Background/Objectives\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Materials and Methods\n## Search Criteria\n# 3. Results\n## 3.1. Our Case","[{\"question\":\"Why are congenital cleft earlobes challenging to manage?\",\"answer\":\"They are rare deformities with variable severity, and the article notes that no widely accepted classification or corrective standards exist.\"},{\"question\":\"What classification system does the article propose?\",\"answer\":\"It presents a unified classification with four subtypes based on external appearance: defective type, simple type, tag with or without hypoplasia, and triple lobe.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the presented case reconstructed?\",\"answer\":\"The authors successfully reconstructed the right defective-type cleft earlobe using a simple local flap technique suitable for moderate to severe defective-type cases.\"}]","Congenital Cleft Earlobe - Classification and Surgical Techniques - Scoping Review of the Literature | PDF",1790761802,23]