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This study analyzed how different measurement setups affect PhA between devices. Methods: A cross-sectional design compared supine vs. standing positions, metal vs. adhesive electrodes, and right vs. left side in 302 multi-ethnic adults (18–65y) and 1298 Mexican children/adolescents (4–20y). Results: PhA was higher supine than standing, with electrode placement explaining ~50% of differences; asymmetry also appeared in adults. Significance: Posture and electrode placement must be considered when comparing PhA across devices or literature values.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/configuration-of-bioelectrical-impedance-measurements-affects-results-for-phase-angle/457699/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/configuration-of-bioelectrical-impedance-measurements-affects-results-for-phase-angle/457699.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"A glass of water","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main aim of this study on phase angle measurements?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To analyze how differences between measurement configurations influence phase angle values, specifically comparing supine and standing measurements across devices.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which factors were compared to evaluate changes in phase angle?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study compared supine vs. standing positions, metal vs. adhesive electrodes, and the right vs. left side of the body.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the key findings about posture effects on phase angle?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Phase angle was consistently higher in the supine position than in the standing position, with approximately half of the observed differences explained by electrode placement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},457699,1791428736,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090760832,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","| Configuration of bioelectrical impedance measurements affects results for phase angle ✩\u003Cbr>Björn Jensena,∗, Wiebke Braun b, Markus Both c, Dympna Gallagher d, Patricia Clarke, Desirée López González e, Kristin Klückmanna, Anja Bosy-Westphalb\u003Cbr>[a](aseca gmbh & co. kg)[seca gmbh & co. kg](aseca gmbh & co. kg), Hammer Steindamm 3 – 25, 22089 Hamburg, Germany\u003Cbr>bInstitut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany cKlinik für Diagnostische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany\u003Cbr>d Body Composition Unit, New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA\u003Cbr>e Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez-Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Cuauhtemoc, C.P. 06720 Mexico City, Mexico |  |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| a r t i c l e i n f o |  | a b s t r a c t |  |\n| Article history:\u003Cbr>Received 10 January 2020\u003Cbr>Revised 24 July 2020\u003Cbr>Accepted 26 July 2020 |  | Objective: Phase angle (PhA) obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis is a well-established predictor of malnutrition that reflects the amount and quality of soft tissue. However, PhA results may depend on configurations of the measurement that differ between devices. The aim was to analyze differences between devices for supine and standing measurements.\u003Cbr>Approach: In a cross-sectional study, differences in PhA were analyzed comparing supine vs. standing positions, metal vs. adhesive electrodes and the right vs. left side of the body in 302 multi-ethnic adults (18–65y) and 1298 Mexican children and adolescents (4–20y).\u003Cbr>Main results: PhA was higher in supine than in standing position (from 0.71°±0.22° in children to 0.97°±0.25° in adults; all p \u003C 0.001) with approximately fifty percent of observed differences explained by electrode placement. PhA differences increased with increasing PhA (r = 0.419) and decreased with age (r = −0.346) in adults, but increased with PhA (r = 0.677), age (r = 0. 752) and height (r = 0. 737) in children (all p \u003C0.001). In adults, PhA was higher on the right side of the body (standing 0.18°±0.17° ; supine 0.36°±0.33° ; p \u003C0.001).\u003Cbr>Significance: Phase angle results are influenced by posture and electrode placement. Measurement configuration must be considered when phase angle values are compared between different devices or with literature values.\u003Cbr>© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IPEM. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.\u003Cbr>([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)) |  |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Phase angle\u003Cbr>Bioelectrical impedance analysis Position\u003Cbr>Standing\u003Cbr>Supine\u003Cbr>Electrode placement |  |  |  |\n\n1. Introduction  \nBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a fast, inexpensive and non-invasive tool for the assessment of malnutrition. Fat-free mass or skeletal muscle mass are important outcome parameters for the diagnosis of malnutrition that can be measured by BIA [1–3]. However, the required prediction equations have limitations in patients with diseases that lead to an altered hydration [4]. BIA uses  \nAbbreviations: BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; PhA, phase angle.  \n✩ Trial Registrations: [ClinicalTrials.gov](ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT01368640, NCT03779932, NCT01471938  \n∗ Corresponding author.  \nE-mail [address:](address: bjoern.jensen@seca.com)[ bjoern.jensen@seca.com](address: bjoern.jensen@seca.com) (B. Jensen).  \nan alternating current below the sensory threshold between hand and foot in order to measure the electrical impedance of the human body [5]. As an alternative to prediction equations, the raw impedance values of tetrapolar BIA measurements can be interpreted directly. Impedance raw data consist of two components: i) resistance that is inversely rel","cbCainPnYCuINKu6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainPnYCuINKu6","pdf",414668,"English","# Article history\n# Objective\n# Approach\n# Main results\n# Significance\n# Introduction\n## Background on BIA and phase angle","[{\"question\":\"What is the main aim of this study on phase angle measurements?\",\"answer\":\"To analyze how differences between measurement configurations influence phase angle values, specifically comparing supine and standing measurements across devices.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were compared to evaluate changes in phase angle?\",\"answer\":\"The study compared supine vs. standing positions, metal vs. adhesive electrodes, and the right vs. left side of the body.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings about posture effects on phase angle?\",\"answer\":\"Phase angle was consistently higher in the supine position than in the standing position, with approximately half of the observed differences explained by electrode placement.\"}]","Configuration of bioelectrical impedance measurements affects results for phase angle | PDF",1790750190,15]