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The work emphasizes that evaluators must understand relevant cultural contexts and anticipate needs shaped by language barriers, differences in cultural beliefs, and socioeconomic constraints. It highlights additional ethical risk factors, including deference to authority, low literacy, and undocumented or undocumented-alien status. The paper focuses on ethical issues that arise during program evaluations for rural Hispanics, especially migrant farm workers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/conducting-program-evaluation-with-hispanics-in-rural-settings-ethical-issues-and-evaluation-challenges/592339/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/conducting-program-evaluation-with-hispanics-in-rural-settings-ethical-issues-and-evaluation-challenges/592339.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McGucket","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is ethical and valid program evaluation important for rural Hispanic populations?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Because such evaluations are necessary to support and sustain programs serving populations at heightened risk of exploitation and unmet needs, while ensuring appropriate ethical standards throughout the evaluation process.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What factors make Hispanics in rural settings especially vulnerable during program evaluation?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Language and literacy barriers, socioeconomic and access limitations, and documentation-related risks contribute to greater disadvantage than urban settings, increasing exposure to occupational exploitation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What ethical challenges does the paper highlight for evaluators working with rural Hispanics?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Key issues include informed consent comprehension, risks related to coercive or inappropriate remuneration, trust and cultural barriers, literacy and language challenges, and role conflicts between advocacy and evaluation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592339,1792134614,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1236954412713,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Feature Article  \nConducting Program Evaluation with Hispanicsin Rural Settings: Ethical issues and Evaluation Challenges  \nClaudia X. Aguado Loi and Robert J. McDermott  \nABSTRACT  \nConducting evaluations that are both valid and ethical is imperative for the support and sustainability of programs that address underserved and vulnerable populations. A key component is to have evaluators who are knowledgeable about relevant cultural issues and sensitive to population needs. Hispanics in rural settings are vulnerable for many reasons but especially because of language issues, differences in cultural beliefs and socioeconomic barriers. Additional factors, such as cultural proclivity to be deferential to authority figures and the possibility of having an undocumented alien status also are important issues for Hispanics living and working in rural communities. Because migrant farm workers comprise a large part of Hispanics living in rural areas, attention to the sensitive issues surrounding this population is paramount during program evaluations. This paper highlights ethical issues pertinent to program evaluations involving Hispanics residing in rural settings.  \nAguado Loi CX, McDermott RJ. Conducting program evaluation with Hispanics in rural settings: Ethical issues and evaluation challenges. Am J Health Educ. 2010;41(4):252-256. This paper was submitted to the Journal on April 2, 2010, revised and accepted for publication on May 9, 2010.  \nBACKGROUND  \nProviding health programs for underserved populations, such as Hispanics living in rural areas, is an emerging public health priority. because Hispanics are considered vulnerable to exploitation, 1 the need to conduct valid and ethical evaluations is paramount to the support and sustainability of programs directed at this population. Program evaluation is “a collection of methods, skills and sensitivities necessary to determine whether a human service is needed and likely to be used, whether the service is sufficiently intensive to meet the unmet needs identified, whether the service is offered as planned, and whether the service actually does help people in need ata reasonable cost without unacceptable  \nside effects.”2(p. 2) Accordingly, evaluators are responsible for ensuring that ethical issues specific to vulnerable populations are assessed and that the highest ethical standards are applied throughout the evaluation process. This paper discusses some of the leading ethical challenges that program evaluators face when carrying out their work with Hispanics in rural communities, including issues with informed consent, literacy and language barriers, cultural beliefs, migrant status, alien or undocumented status, and advocacy and evaluation roles.  \nHiSPANiCS iN RURAl SETTiNGS  \nHispanics account for 25% of the population growth in nonmetropolitan areas.3  \nAbout half of U.S. Hispanics have settled in rural areas that are commonly dominated by non-Hispanic whites.3 According tothe U.S. Department of Agriculture,4 about 34% of Hispanics are foreign-born, 53% have a highschool education, 43% work in agriculture,  \nClaudia X. Aguado Loi is asocial and behavioral researcher in the College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, MHC 1400, Tampa, FL 33612; E-mail: cloi@ [fmhi.usf.edu. Robert J. McDermott](fmhi.usf.edu. Robert J. McDermott) is a professor and the co-director of the Florida Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Family Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612.  \n252 American Journal of Health Education—July/August 2010, Volume 41, No. 4  \nClaudia X. Aguado Loi and Robert J. McDermott  \nconstruction, or manufacturing, and 26% live at the poverty level. The largest ethnic group to reside in rural areas is comprised of Mexicans, most of whom are migrant farmworkers.4 Included in this group of farmworkers are 11.1 million undocumented migrants.5 The majority of migrant workers arrive from economically depressed areas","cbCaikCAZjKQkdCs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikCAZjKQkdCs","pdf",103489,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n# Hispanics in Rural Settings\n## Vulnerability to Exploitation in Program Evaluation\n# Ethical Considerations","[{\"question\":\"Why is ethical and valid program evaluation important for rural Hispanic populations?\",\"answer\":\"Because such evaluations are necessary to support and sustain programs serving populations at heightened risk of exploitation and unmet needs, while ensuring appropriate ethical standards throughout the evaluation process.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors make Hispanics in rural settings especially vulnerable during program evaluation?\",\"answer\":\"Language and literacy barriers, socioeconomic and access limitations, and documentation-related risks contribute to greater disadvantage than urban settings, increasing exposure to occupational exploitation.\"},{\"question\":\"What ethical challenges does the paper highlight for evaluators working with rural Hispanics?\",\"answer\":\"Key issues include informed consent comprehension, risks related to coercive or inappropriate remuneration, trust and cultural barriers, literacy and language challenges, and role conflicts between advocacy and evaluation.\"}]","Conducting Program Evaluation with Hispanics in Rural Settings - Ethical issues and Evaluation Challenges | PDF",1792074361,13]