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Johnson on conducting large-scale examinations in developing countries, addressing how traditional student selection methods fail to ensure capable applicants receive limited secondary, technical and vocational, teacher training, and university opportunities. It compiles practical testing procedures for high-candidate-volume administrations, covering publicity, registration, item preparation, pretesting, editing, reproduction, distribution and administration, scoring and reporting, overall test security, and costs, with guidance useful for school leaders and teachers.","ED 128433  \nAUTHOR  \nTITLE  \nPUB DATE  \nNOTE  \nEDRS PRICE  \nDESCRIPTORS  \nIDENTIFIERS  \nABSTRACT  \nDOCUAETT RESULB  \nJohnson,Richard T.  \n# Conducting Large-Scale Examinations:A Handbook.Jul 71165p.\n\nSF-$0.83 HC-$8.69 Plus Postage.  \nAdministration;*Adnission(School);*CompetitiveSelection;Costs;*Developing Nations;Examiners;Group Tests;*Guidelines;Higher Education;ItemAnalysis;Personnel selection;Pretesting;Publicize;Scoring;Secondary Education;Test Construction;*Testing;*Testing Programs;Vocational EducationTest Security  \nIn developing countries,for the aost part,traditional methods of seiecting students for seccndary schools,technical and vocational institutions,teacher training colleges,anduniversities are unable to ensure that the most capable applicantsreceive the limited opportunities available.To remedy thissituation,the author has assembled and incorporated into this  \nhandbook a collection of testing procedures which he has found usefulin large-scale testing prograsin developing countries,In hisdiscussion,the term narge scale\"describes examinaticns taken by atleast a thousand candida tes on a single schedule date,Nevertheless,most of the chapters are applicable to examinatioDs given on asmaller scale.The handbook may also be valuable to schoolheadmasters and teachers who are interested in the vorkings of atesting organization,a body that often exerts great influence ontheir lives and those of their pupils.The handbook is divided intothese sections:(1)Publicity,(2)Registration,(3)ItemPreparation,(4)Pretesting,(5)Editing,(6)Reproduction,(7)Distribution/Administration,(8)Scoring/Processing/Reporting,(9)Overall Security,and(10)Costs.(RC)  \n*****************************:*****************************************Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished **materials not available from other sources.ERIC makes every effort**to obtain the best copy available.Nerertheless,items of marginal**reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality **of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available **via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service(EDRS).EIRS is not  \n*responsible for the quality of the original document.Reproductions **supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made fron the original.  ************************************************************************  \n3348210  \nU.5.0EPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATIONAWELFARENATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEOUCATION  \nTHIS DoLUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO·DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEU FROMTHE PERSON ORORGANIZAT.ON ORIGIN-TIG.IT pDINT5OE yIEW OR OPIN1ONSSTATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE·SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY  \nTM005 618  \n## Conducting Large-Scale Examinations:\n\nA Handbook  \nRichard T.Johnson  \n2  \nJuly 1971  \nVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University11440 Issac Newton Square,NorthReston,Virginia 22090  \nTABLE 0F CONTENTS  \n### 0 Preface\n\nbackground0-1definition of\"large-scale\"0-2assumptions0-2usage of the handbook0-3  \n### 1 Publicity\n\nbrochures1-2advertisements1-3candidate information booklets1-3meetings,lectures1-4sample candidate booklet1-5sample headmaster booklet1-11  \n### 2 Registration\n\ncandidate forms2-2receipts/admission forms2-3centers &allocaticn2-3rosters,packing lists,print orders2-3  \n3 Item Preparationspecifications3-2levels of thinking3-9training of item writers3-15commissioning items3-17notes on item writing3-21  \n### 4 Pretesting\n\nrationale·   4-2pretryout4-4trial sample4-6directions4-6format4-6timing4-7motivation4-10security4-10administrative arrangements4-13answer sheets4-13item analysis4-13  \n### 5 Editing\n\nrewriting5-2item file5-2arrangement of items5-3editing committees5-6  \n### 6 Reproduction\n\ngeneral methods6-2tests6-3directions,accessory materials6-6answer sheets6-6security6-9  \n### 7 Distribution/Administration\n\ncounting,numbering7-2packing7-2transport7~3admnistration7-3return of materials.  7-6timing7-7security7-8sample instructions7-9  \n### 8 Scoring/Processing/Reporting\n\nprescanning8","cbCaitjHrAbBtPlc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitjHrAbBtPlc","pdf",2150181,2,1,169,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n## Background\n## Definition of \"large-scale\"\n## Assumptions\n## Usage of the handbook\n# Publicity\n## Brochures\n## Advertisements\n## Candidate information booklets\n## Meetings, lectures\n## Sample candidate booklet\n## Sample headmaster booklet\n# Registration\n## Candidate forms\n## Receipts/admission forms\n## Centers & allocation\n## Rosters, packing lists, print orders\n# Item Preparation\n## Specifications\n## Levels of thinking\n## Training of item writers\n## Commissioning items\n## Notes on item writing\n# Pretesting\n## Rationale\n## Pretryout\n## Trial sample\n## Directions\n## Format\n## Timing\n## Motivation\n## Security\n## Administrative arrangements\n## Answer sheets\n## Item analysis\n# Editing\n## Rewriting\n## Item file\n## Arrangement of items\n## Editing committees\n# Reproduction\n## General methods\n## Tests\n## Directions, accessory materials\n## Answer sheets\n## Security\n# Distribution/Administration\n## Counting, numbering\n## Packing\n## Transport\n## Administration\n## Return of materials\n## Timing\n## Security\n## Sample instructions\n# Scoring/Processing/Reporting\n## Prescanning\n## Scoring\n## Editing\n## Cross-footing, combining\n## Transformations\n## Listing\n## Certificates\n## Distribution of results\n## Quality control\n## Statistics, reports\n## Retention of data\n# Overal1 Security\n## Security areas\n## Safes\n## Receipt of materials\n# Costs\n## Survey each stage\n## Totals\n## 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