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Conditions of Use,available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html.JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides,in part,that unless youhave obtained prior permission,you may not download an entire issue of ajournal or multiple copies of articles,andyou may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal,non-commercial use.  \nEach copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen orprinted page of such transmission.  \nThe Journal of Philosophy is published by The Journal of Philosophy,Inc..Please contact the publisher for furtherpermissions regarding the use of this work.Publisher contact information may be obtained athttp://www.jstor.org/journals/jphil.html.  \nThe Journal of PhilosophyC1980 The Journal of Philosophy,Inc.  \nJSTOR and the JSTOR logo are trademarks of JSTOR,and are Registered in the U.S.Patent and Trademark OfficeFor more information on JSTOR contact jstor-info@umich.edu.  \nC2001 JSTOR  \n# THE JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY\n\nCONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN EVERYDAY LANGUAGE  \nUNTIL recently philosophers have tended to berate metaphoras irrational and dangerous,or to ignore it,reducing it tothe status of a subsidiary problem in the philosophy of lan-guage.Literal language,assumed to be mutually exclusive withmetaphor,has been taken to be the real stuff of philosophy,thedomain where issues of meaning and truth arise and can be dealtwith.At best,metaphor is treated as if it were always the result ofsome operation performed upon the literal meaning of the utter-ance.The phenomenon of“conventional metaphor,”where muchof our ordinary conceptual system and the bulk of our everydayconventional language are structured and understood primarily inmetaphorical terms,has gone either unnoticed or undiscussed.  \nAs we will show directly,conventional metaphors are pervasivein our ordinary everyday way of thinking,speaking,and acting.Wefeel that an understanding of conventional metaphor and the waythat metaphor structures our ordinary conceptual system will ulti-mately provide a new “experientialist”perspective on classical phil-osophical problems,such as the nature of meaning,truth,rational-ity,logic,and knowledge.In this present paper we can only focuson the nature and role of metaphor in our conceptual system,witha few suggestions concerning the larger implications of our account.1  \n## I.CONCEPTS THAT WE LIVE BY\n\nMetaphor is for most people a device of the poetic imagination andthe rhetorical flourish—a matter of extraordinary rather than ordi-nary language.Moreover,metaphor is typically viewed as charac-teristic of language alone,a matter of words rather than thought  \n1 For a more comprehensive and thorough working out of the implications forseveral areas,especially philosophy and linguistics,see our Metaphors We LiveBy(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1980).  \n◎1980 The Journal of Philosophy,Inc.  \nor action.For this reason,most people think they can get alongperfectly well without metaphor.We have found,on the contrary,that metaphor is pervasive in everyday life,not just in language,but in thought and action.Our ordinary conceptual system,interms of which we both think and act,is fundamentally metaphor-ical in nature.  \nThe concepts that govern our thought are not just matters of theintellect.They also govern our everyday functioning,down to themost mundane details.Our concepts structure what we perceive,how we get around in the world,and how we relate to other people.Our conceptual system thus plays a central role in defining oureveryday realities.If we are right in suggesting that our conceptualsystem is largely metaphorical,then the way we think,what weexperience,and what we do every day is very much a matter ofmetaphor.  \nBut our conceptual system is not something that we are normallyaware of.In most of the little things we do every day,we simplythi","cbCaioFfRTDnv1k4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioFfRTDnv1k4","pdf",3208150,35,"English","# THE JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY\n## CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN EVERYDAY LANGUAGE\n## I. CONCEPTS THAT WE LIVE BY","[{\"question\":\"How does the paper describe metaphor in relation to everyday life?\",\"answer\":\"Metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, extending beyond language into thought and action, so people live by metaphor in how they think, speak, and act.\"},{\"question\":\"What criticism does the paper make of philosophers’ treatment of metaphor?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that philosophers have tended to berate metaphor as irrational and dangerous, or to ignore it by reducing it to a minor issue in the philosophy of language.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the paper’s main example of a conceptual metaphor?\",\"answer\":\"The paper uses the conceptual metaphor ARGUMENT IS WAR, showing how everyday expressions about arguments reflect war-based structure.\"}]","Conceptual Metaphor in Everyday Language - New “Experientialist” Perspective on Classical Philosophical Problems | PDF",54]