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It describes how first computers were built in the 1940s in the United States and Great Britain, highlights the secret Colossus machine used in World War II codebreaking, and explains how vacuum-tube valves represented numbers as on/off electrical signals. 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\nAHorcourt Company  \nAustin New York  \nwww raintreesteckvaughn com  \n◎ Copyright Text 2001 Steck-Vaughn Company  \nAll rights reserved.No part of this book may be used orreproduced in any manner whatsoever or transmitted inany form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,recording,or any informationstorage and retrieval system,without written permissionfrom the copyright owner except in the case of briefquotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.Forinformation,address the publisher:Steck-Vaughn,P.O.Box 26015,Austin,TX78755.  \nPublished by Raintree Steck-Vaughn Publishers,  \nan imprint of Steck-Vaughn Company  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nGraham Ian,1953-Computers/lan Graham.  \np.cm.--(Technoworld)  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-7398-3252-2  \n1.Computers--Juvenile literature.  \n[1.Computers.]I.Title.II.Series.  \nQA76.52.G742001  \n00--dc21  \n00-042447  \nPrinted in Italy.Bound in the United States.  \n1234567890(LB)0403020100  \nAll screen shots in this book appear courtesy of the producers of the websites they depict and remain thecopyright of those producers.  \nAll trademarks are acknowledged.Apple,the Apple logo,Macintosh,QuickTime and any other Appleproducts referenced herein are trademarks of Apple Computer,Inc,registered in the United States andother countries.Eudora is a registered trademark of the University of Ilinois Board of Trustees,licensedto Qualcomm Incorporated.Microsoft,Microsoft Internet Explorer,MSN,and any other Microsoftproducts referenced herein are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States andother countries.Netscape Communications Corporation has not authorized,sponsored,endorsed,or  \napproved this publication and is not responsible for its content.Netscape andthe Netscape Communications corporate logos are trademarks ofNetscape Communications Corporation.  \nENCAEncyclo pedia IDthe Be iy toLanand Expiore  \nCONTENTS  \nCOMPUTERS EVERYWHERETHE FIRST COMPUTERSHOW COMPUTERS WORKCOMPUTERS IN ACTIONVIRTUALLY REAL WORLDSCOMPUTER FUNGLOSSARY  \nFURTHER READINGINDEX  \n14  \n24  \nсомРУТЕРЗ ёУерумневЕ  \n# 2.Red Alert\n\nAt the policestation,anothercomputer flashesthe house addressonto its screen witha message sayingthat a break-in hasbeen detected.  \n# 3.Computers in Control\n\nA police patrol car is sent to the house.A computer at the policestation records the time the alarm went off,the address of thehouse,and the time the police officers investigated it.  \nHEFIRST COMPUTERS  \n'he first electronic computersI were built in the 1940s inthe United States and in GreatBritain.They were huge!(T E C HN O FA CTOne of the first computers everbuilt was a top-secret machinecalled Colossus,built in 1943 inEngland.Colossus was used todecode secret messages sent byGerman forces during World WarII.Colossus had about 1,500valves.  \nCracking Codes  \nValves were made from glass partscalled valves or vacuum tubes.Valvesswitched electric currents,representingnumbers,on and off.The valves brokeeasily.They needed a lot of electricity towork,and they were very hot.","cbCaii3rXjIckS7j","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii3rXjIckS7j","pdf",3322579,"English","# COMPUTERS EVERYWHERE\n## THE FIRST COMPUTERS\n## HOW COMPUTERS WORK\n## COMPUTERS IN ACTION\n## VIRTUALLY REAL WORLDS\n## COMPUTER FUN\n## GLOSSARY\n# Red Alert\n# Computers in Control","[{\"question\":\"What are the first electronic computers and when were they built?\",\"answer\":\"The text states that the first electronic computers were built in the 1940s in the United States and in Great Britain.\"},{\"question\":\"What was Colossus used for during World War II?\",\"answer\":\"Colossus, built in 1943 in England, was used to decode secret messages sent by German forces during World War II.\"},{\"question\":\"How did vacuum-tube valves help early computers represent information?\",\"answer\":\"Valves were made from glass parts called valves or vacuum tubes, switching electric currents to represent numbers on and off.\"}]","Computers Everywherethe First Computers - Red Alert | PDF",101]