[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-126249-en":3,"doc-seo-126249-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},126249,2336475104362,"Eden","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c46a41b752dd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786595829695023868",8,"Research & Report","Comprehensive Survey of Machine Learning Applications in Power Systems - Graduate Project","This project presents a comprehensive survey of artificial intelligence in electric power system applications, focusing on practical uses across control, security, distributed energy systems, load-flow control, and fault detection. It summarizes a general view of AI in power systems through a structured five-chapter review. The second chapter organizes key AI approaches into rule-based systems, machine learning techniques, and metaheuristic methods. The review methodology specifies databases, screening procedure, time window, and search strings, while later chapters analyze distribution system applications and future AI outlook.","CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE  \nComprehensive Survey of Machine Learning Applications in Power Systems  \nA graduate project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Science in  \nElectrical Engineering  \nBy  \nPejman Azizzadeh  \nMay 2023  \nThe graduate project of Pejman Azizzadeh is approved:  \n\n| Professor Xiaojun (Ashley) Geng | Date |\n| --- | --- |\n| Professor Ignacio Osorno | Date |\n\nProfessor Kourosh Sedghisigarchi, Chair Date  \nCalifornia State University, Northridge  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nSIGNATURE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii  \nLIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………….……………………….............................................v  \nLIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….vi  \nABSTRACT ………………………………………….……………………………………...………………………………………….vii  \n1. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1  \n2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS………………………………………………………………………………....9  \n2.1 MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES…………………………………………….…………………………………….11  \n2.2 METAHEURISTIC METHODS ……………………………………………………………………………………………12  \n2.3 RULE-BASED SYSTEMS……………………………………………….……………………………………………………….14  \n3. REVIEW METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………………………………………….......17  \n4. AI APPLICATIONS TO DISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEMS…………………………………………………………20  \n4.1 AI IN DISTRIBUTION DECISION SUPPORT…………………………………………………………………………..21  \n4.1-1 DISTRIBUTION NODAL LOADS AND MODE CIRCUIT CONNECTIVITY MODELS………………….21  \n4.1-2 STATE ESTIMATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….25  \n4.1-3 Stability…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26  \n4.1-4 ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY…………………………………………………………………………….30  \n4.2 APPLICATION IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL……………………………………..31  \n4.2-1 VOLT/VAR/WATT OPTIMIZATION ………………………………………………………………………………….31  \n4.2-2 FAULT IDENTIFICATION, ISOLATION, AND SERVICE RESTORATION …………………………………33  \n4.2-3 COORDINATION OF EMERGENCY ACTIONS …………………………………………………………………….34  \n4.2-4 COORDINATION OF RESTORATIVE ACTIONS …………………………………………………………………..35  \n4.2-5 LOAD FORECASTING ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..36  \n4.2-6 STABILITY CONTROL ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….37  \n4.2-7 ENERGY MANAGEMENT …………………………………………………………………………………………………38  \n5. OUTLOOK FOR AI IN POWER SYSTEM ………………………………………………………………………………….40  \n5.1. EXPLAINABILITY OF AI……………………………………………………………………………………………………….40  \n5.2 DATABASE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..40  \n5.3 . REDUCING COMPUTATIONAL LOADS …………………………………………………………….……………….41  \n5.4. SECTOR COUPLING ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….42  \n5.5. ANCILLARY SERVICES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...43  \n6. CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….44  \nREFERENCES……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………..45  \nLIST OF TABLES  \nTable 1. Artificial Intelligence Algorithms 16  \nTable 2. Review of Research Methodology 17  \nTable 3. Defined Metrics 19  \nTable 4. AI Applications for decision-support systems 31  \nLIST OF FIGURES  \nFigure-1 The number of publications on AI-driven distribution systems 3  \nFigure-2 The Three Categories of Artificial Intelligence 11  \nFigure-3 The Three categories of Machine Learning 12  \nFigure-4 The Two Categories of Metaheuristic Methods 13  \nFigure-5 The Two Categories of Rule-Based Methods 15  \nFigure-6 Operations of Distribution Systems 20  \nFigure-7 Severity for basic requirements needed for modeling distribution modes 22  \nFigure-8 Severity for basic requirements for power quality analysis 28  \nFigure-9 Severity for basic requirements for analyzing economic efficiency 30  \nFigure-10 Severity for basic requirements for power system stabilizer 32  \nFigure-11 Severity for basic requirements for reactive power and voltage control 33  \nFigure-12 Severity for basic requirements for fault identification, isolation, and service restoration 34  \nFigure-13 Severity for basic requirements for coordination of emergency actions 35  \nFigure-14 Severity for basic requirements for coo","cbCaiemnEjXrKJMB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiemnEjXrKJMB","pdf",1933227,7,1,62,"English","en",105,"# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Artificial Intelligence Methods\n## 2.1 Machine Learning Techniques\n## 2.2 Metaheuristic Methods\n## 2.3 Rule-Based Systems\n# 3. Review Methodology\n# 4. AI Applications to Distribution Power Systems\n## 4.1 AI in Distribution Decision Support\n## 4.2 Application in Distribution System Closed-Loop Control\n# 5. Outlook for AI in Power System\n## 5.1 Explainability of AI\n## 5.2 Database\n## 5.3 Reducing Computational Loads\n## 5.4 Sector Coupling\n## 5.5 Ancillary Services\n# 6. Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What does the project survey cover in power system applications?\",\"answer\":\"It surveys artificial intelligence applications in electric power systems, including control, security, distributed energy systems, load-flow control, and fault detection.\"},{\"question\":\"How are AI methods organized in the document?\",\"answer\":\"The document groups AI methods into three critical categories: rule-based systems, machine learning techniques, and metaheuristic methods.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review methodology chapter include?\",\"answer\":\"It describes the databases used for searching sources, the screening procedure, the time period for the search, and the search string.\"}]","Comprehensive Survey of Machine Learning Applications in Power Systems - Graduate Project | PDF",1785904053,156,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"comprehensive-survey-of-machine-learning-applications-in-power-systems-graduate-project","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comprehensive-survey-of-machine-learning-applications-in-power-systems-graduate-project/126249/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-25","2026-08-05",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What does the project survey cover in power system applications?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"It surveys artificial intelligence applications in electric power systems, including control, security, distributed energy systems, load-flow control, and fault detection.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"How are AI methods organized in the document?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"The document groups AI methods into three critical categories: rule-based systems, machine learning techniques, and metaheuristic methods.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"What does the review methodology chapter include?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"It describes the databases used for searching sources, the screening procedure, the time period for the search, and the search string.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,112,117,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]