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The work presents a practical, comprehensive, and efficient validation strategy by configuring a beam model in a treatment planning system, measuring and inputting beam data, and executing tests aligned with AAPM TG 185 and TG 350 guidance. TPS calculations are compared against multiple detector measurements and independent peer review, demonstrating close agreement and clinical usability.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comprehensive-and-efficient-validation-of-beam-modeling-for-a-proton-therapy-system-practical-considerations/406160/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/comprehensive-and-efficient-validation-of-beam-modeling-for-a-proton-therapy-system-practical-considerations/406160.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jordan Avery","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is beam model validation critical in proton therapy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Beam model accuracy directly affects the accuracy of TPS dose calculations. Pencil beam scanning systems need thorough validation to ensure calculated dose distributions reliably reflect measured performance before clinical implementation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What validation tests were used to verify the beam model?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Validation combined TPS-calculated dose comparisons with measured data, including rectangular field dose distributions in water, PDD measurements, planar dose measurements using a DigiPhant detector (with TG 350 test plans and clinical cases), and end-to-end tests in animal tissue.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How closely did TPS calculations match measurements in the results?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"For rectangular targets, ionization chamber and MatriXX PT planar dose measurements agreed with TPS calculations, with point dose differences below 3% and high planar agreement (3%/3 mm > 95%). Range differences for animal tissues were within 3%, and independent peer output measurements agreed within 1%.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},406160,1791832056,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882367,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Comprehensive and Efficient Validation of Beam Modeling for a Proton Therapy System: Practical Considerations  \nTechnology in Cancer Research & Treatment  \nVolume 24: 1-11 © The Author(s) 2025 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/15330338251411600](DOI: 10.1177/15330338251411600)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/15330338251411600)[journals.sagepub.com/home/tct](journals.sagepub.com/home/tct)  \nYajun Jia, MS 1,2, Yifeng Yang, MS 1, Zhangmin Li, MS 1, Zuofeng Li, PhD 1,3, and Yuanshui Zheng, PhD 1   \nAbstract  \nIntroduction: Accurate beam modeling is essential for ensuring safe and effective proton therapy delivery. Before clinical implementation, pencil beam scanning systems require thorough validation to confirm that calculated dose distributions reliably reflect measured performance. This work outlines a practical approach to achieving comprehensive and efficient validation.  \nMethods: The beam model for a pencil beam scanning system was configured in the treatment planning system (TPS). Beam data including integrated depth dose, lateral profiles in air, and absolute outputs for various energies were measured and entered into the TPS following vendor recommendations. Validation tests were performed according to AAPM TG 185 and insights from other proton centers, adapted to our clinical requirements, time constraints, and regulations. The validation incorporated test cases from AAPM TG 350 draft report and included: 1) rectangular field dose distributions in water, 2) PDD measurements, 3) planar dose measurements using the DigiPhant detector with TG 350 test plans and clinical cases, and 4) end-to-end tests in animal tissue. TPS-calculated dose distributions, obtained using either the proton convolution superposition or Acuros Protons algorithms, were compared with corresponding measurements. A peer review from an institute with a similar proton treatment machine validated the machine output and our validation process.  \nResults: For rectangular targets with various ranges and modulation widths in water based on TG 185, TG 350 test plans, and clinical plans, ionization chamber and MatriXX PT planar dose measurements agreed with TPS calculations (point dose difference \u003C 3%, planar dose 3%/3 mm>95%). Range differences for animal tissues were within 3%. Independent peer output measurements agreed with our results within 1%.  \nConclusion: TPS-calculated range and dose were in good agreement with measurements across multiple validation tests. The beam model for both PCS and Acuros PT has been validated and used clinically. Incorporating practical considerations is essential for achieving comprehensive and efficient beam commissioning and validation.  \nKeywords  \nproton therapy, treatment planning system, beam model, commissioning, validation  \nReceived: 16 July 2025; revised: 10 November 2025; accepted: 1 December 2025  \n1 Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou 510555, China  \n2National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China 3State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou University Proton Heavy Ion Medical Research Center, Suzhou 215123, China  \nCorresponding Authors:  \nZuofeng Li, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou 510555, China. State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou University Proton Heavy Ion Medical Research Center, Suzhou 215123, China.  \nEmail: [zuofeng.li@outlook.com](zuofeng.li@outlook.com)  \nYuanshui Zheng, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou 510555, China.  \nEmail: [yuanshui.zheng@ccm.cn](yuanshui.zheng@ccm.cn)  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution  \nNonCommercial 4.0 License ([ht","cbCaidAz77ra40Rs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidAz77ra40Rs","pdf",1512636,11,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords\n# Highlights","[{\"question\":\"Why is beam model validation critical in proton therapy?\",\"answer\":\"Beam model accuracy directly affects the accuracy of TPS dose calculations. Pencil beam scanning systems need thorough validation to ensure calculated dose distributions reliably reflect measured performance before clinical implementation.\"},{\"question\":\"What validation tests were used to verify the beam model?\",\"answer\":\"Validation combined TPS-calculated dose comparisons with measured data, including rectangular field dose distributions in water, PDD measurements, planar dose measurements using a DigiPhant detector (with TG 350 test plans and clinical cases), and end-to-end tests in animal tissue.\"},{\"question\":\"How closely did TPS calculations match measurements in the results?\",\"answer\":\"For rectangular targets, ionization chamber and MatriXX PT planar dose measurements agreed with TPS calculations, with point dose differences below 3% and high planar agreement (3%/3 mm \\u003e 95%). Range differences for animal tissues were within 3%, and independent peer output measurements agreed within 1%.\"}]","Comprehensive and Efficient Validation of Beam Modeling for a Proton Therapy System - Practical Considerations | PDF",1790563867,28]