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homepage: [https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fnep20](https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fnep20)  \nCompeting Nationalisms in Post-New Order Indonesia  \nSuzanna Eddyono  \nTo cite this article: Suzanna Eddyono (2020) Competing Nationalisms in Post-New Order  \nIndonesia, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 26:4, 421-439, DOI: 10. 1080/13537113 .2020.1843775  \nTo link to this article: [https://doi.org/10.1080/135371](https://doi.org/10.1080/135371) 13.2020.1843775  \n Published online: 26 Jan 2021.  \n\n|  Submit your article to this journal  |\n| --- |\n|  Article views: 63 |\n|  View related articles  |\n|  View Crossmark data |\n\nFull Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at [https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fnep20](https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fnep20)  \nNATIONALISM AND ETHNIC POLITICS 2020, VOL. 26, NO. 4, 421–439  \n[https://doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2020.1843775](https://doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2020.1843775)  \nCompeting Nationalisms in Post-New Order Indonesia  \nSuzanna Eddyono   \nUniversitas Gadjah Mada  \nABSTRACT  \nThis study discusses competing nationalisms in post-New Order Indonesia, drawn from the official discourses of the nation in the educational arena during the transition to and consolidation of democracy since 1998 . Despite government guidelines seeking to homogenize the content of citizenship education textbooks, three official narratives of the nation have emerged. This article demonstrates that competing official narratives of the nation—the state-centered, citizen-centered, and ummah-centered narratives—signify not only tensions in national citizenship education but they also mark the emergence of competing nationalismsin post-New Order Indonesia.  \nIntroduction  \nCoded in enduring myths that the state 1 and the nation2 should overlap3, modern nationalism is constantly being reproduced, not only through official discourses4 but also through popular culture and in citizens’ everyday lives.5 As a discursive formation6 nationalism is incompletely and contestably fashioned. Notions of “what makes societies modern,”7 in which the nation is central,8 may vary in the hands of social actors. Nationalism may be forged into various kinds and take different paths, and within these trajectories, despite nationalists’ claim of a single nation, competing nationalismsemerge. 9  \nThe transition to democracy after the collapse of Soeharto’s New Order in 1998 witnessed the upsurge of more than a hundred new political parties as compared to only three under the New Order regime.10 The transition was also marked by constitutional changes, the replacement of the centralized authoritarian regime by a more democratic political system, the substitution of administrative decentralization by regional autonomy, and the limitation of the military’s role in politics and civil society.11 The democratic transition was accomplished by 2005, and there were good signs of democratic consolidation by 2011 .12  \nAs the more democratic political system has broadened, venues for more diverse state and non-state actors to articulate and express their cultural and political visions opened up. This included contesting discourses on national ideology visible since early 1945, yet repressed during the Soeharto regime, reemerging unprecedentedly in post-New Order Indonesia. The latter brings forward the question of how to define and redefine core  \nCONTACT Suzanna Eddyono  [suzanna.eddyono@ugm.ac.id](suzanna.eddyono@ugm.ac.id)  Department of Social Development and Welfare, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Socio Yustisia No. 1, FISIPOL BC Building 3rd Floor/R.309, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.  \n􀀁 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC  \n422  S. EDDYONO  \nnational values.13 The concern comes, on the one hand, from the persistence of the New Order’s militaristic narrative 14 in public discourses, and on the other hand, the per","cbCaiaR7XZZQLU85","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaR7XZZQLU85","pdf",1744155,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Nationalism as contested discourse\n## Democratic transition after 1998\n## Re-emerging ideological contests\n## Framing national values and Islamic discourses\n# Core focus of the study","[{\"question\":\"What does the study focus on in post-New Order Indonesia?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes competing nationalisms as reflected in official nation discourses within citizenship education after the 1998 transition to democracy.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do competing official narratives emerge despite government textbook guidelines?\",\"answer\":\"Even with efforts to standardize citizenship education materials, three official narratives develop, indicating underlying tensions rather than uniform national messaging.\"},{\"question\":\"Which three official narratives of the nation does the article identify?\",\"answer\":\"It identifies state-centered, citizen-centered, and ummah-centered narratives, each shaping how national values are interpreted in education.\"}]","Competing Nationalisms in Post-New Order Indonesia | PDF"]