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One hundred fifty cesarean-delivery patients at risk of PPH were assigned equally to three groups and assessed across demographic, perioperative, and postoperative parameters, laboratory outcomes, fluid measurements, and infection indicators. Postoperative hemoglobin/hematocrit improved in groups receiving intrauterine or rectal routes versus oxytocin-only, with lower aspirator fluid and reduced intraoperative sponge and loculation volumes, suggesting improved bleeding and infection outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comparison-of-the-effects-of-intrauterine-and-rectal-misoprostol-combined-with-oxytocin-versus-oxytocin-alone-on-postpartum-hemorrhage-a-randomized-controlled-trial/455083/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/comparison-of-the-effects-of-intrauterine-and-rectal-misoprostol-combined-with-oxytocin-versus-oxytocin-alone-on-postpartum-hemorrhage-a-randomized-controlled-trial/455083.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blitz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the aim of the randomized controlled trial?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To compare intrauterine and rectal misoprostol added to oxytocin versus oxytocin alone for preventing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the participants grouped and what was the intervention?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A total of 150 cesarean-delivery patients at risk for PPH were divided into three equal groups: oxytocin alone, oxytocin plus rectal misoprostol, and oxytocin plus intrauterine (cornual) misoprostol.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main outcomes regarding hemoglobin/hematocrit and bleeding-related measures?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Hemoglobin and hematocrit at postoperative hours and day 10 were higher in the rectal and intrauterine groups versus oxytocin alone, and intraoperative sponge count and intracavitary fluid loculation volume were lower in the misoprostol groups.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},455083,1791079618,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","®  \n Randomized Controlled Trial   \nComparison of the effects of intrauterine and rectal misoprostol combined with oxytocin versus oxytocin alone on postpartum hemorrhage A randomized controlled trial  \nGökhan Güler, MDa , Onur Karaaslan, MDb ,*  \n\n| Abstract\u003Cbr>Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of intrauterine and rectal misoprostol administration in addition to oxytocin, versus oxytocin alone, in preventing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) .\u003Cbr>Methods: A total of 150 patients scheduled for cesarean delivery and considered at risk for PPH were included in the study. The patients were divided equally into 3 groups: those who received only oxytocin (Group 1), those who received rectal misoprostolin addition to oxytocin (Group 2), and those who received intrauterine (cornual) misoprostol along with oxytocin (Group 3) . The groups were compared in terms of demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics, laboratory findings, amount of intrauterine fluid, and infection parameters.\u003Cbr>Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of age, obstetric history, preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Htc) values, systolic-diastolic blood pressures, and intraoperative pad counts (P > .05) . Hb and Htc levels recorded at postoperative 4th and 24th hours, and 10th day were statistically significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1 (P \u003C .001) . While the total aspirator fluid (TAF) amount was similar between Groups 1 and 2, the TAF amount was statistically lower in Group 3 (P \u003C .01) . The number of intraoperative sponges and the mean volume of intracavitary fluid loculation were statistically significantly lower in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1 (P \u003C .01) . Intraoperative sponge count and mean intracavitary fluid loculation volume in Group 3 were statistically significantly lower than in Group 2 (P \u003C .01) . No difference was observed between mean white blood cell values, and no statistically significant difference was observed between mean C-reactive protein (CRP) values preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively. On the 10th postoperative day, the mean CRP value in Group 3 was statistically lower than in Group 1 (P = .06) .\u003Cbr>Conclusion: In cesarean deliveries with high risk of PPH, the addition of intrauterine (cornual) misoprostol to oxytocin administration may provide better outcomes in terms of reducing postpartum bleeding and infection risk.\u003Cbr>Abbreviations: CRP = C-reactive protein, Hb = hemoglobin, Htc = hematocrit, IV = intravenous, PPH = postpartum hemorrhage, TAF = total aspirator fluid, WBC = white blood cell. |\n| --- |\n| Keywords: intrauterine misoprostol, oxytocin, postpartum hemorrhage |\n\n1. Introduction  \nPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the most significant causes of maternal morbidity and mortality after childbirth and is a leading cause of maternal death, particularly in the countries with low and middle-income. [1] It accounts for approximately 25% of direct maternal deaths worldwide.[2] PPH not only leads to maternal death but can also lead to serious complications  \nWritten informed consent was obtained from all participants.  \nThe authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.  \nThis study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Van Yuzuncu Yil University Interventional Ethics Committee (Date: May 31, 2023; No: 14).  \nThe views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of their affiliated institutions.  \na Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey, b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.  \nsuch as hypovolemic shock, disseminated intrava","cbCaibrCKupxomuF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibrCKupxomuF","pdf",535024,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the aim of the randomized controlled trial?\",\"answer\":\"To compare intrauterine and rectal misoprostol added to oxytocin versus oxytocin alone for preventing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).\"},{\"question\":\"How were the participants grouped and what was the intervention?\",\"answer\":\"A total of 150 cesarean-delivery patients at risk for PPH were divided into three equal groups: oxytocin alone, oxytocin plus rectal misoprostol, and oxytocin plus intrauterine (cornual) misoprostol.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main outcomes regarding hemoglobin/hematocrit and bleeding-related measures?\",\"answer\":\"Hemoglobin and hematocrit at postoperative hours and day 10 were higher in the rectal and intrauterine groups versus oxytocin alone, and intraoperative sponge count and intracavitary fluid loculation volume were lower in the misoprostol groups.\"}]","Comparison of the effects of intrauterine and rectal misoprostol combined with oxytocin versus oxytocin alone on postpartum hemorrhage - A randomized controlled trial | PDF",1790742076,15]