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Fungi were cultured from nasal discharge of 81 patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery using both a traditional method and Ponikau et al’s method. CRS severity was assessed by endoscopy and CT prior to surgery. Ponikau-based culture found fungi in 61/81 specimens, with higher growth in CRSsNPs than CRSwNPs. Cladosporium was more common in CRSsNPs. Mycology differed between CRSwNPs and CRSsNPs, while eosinophilic versus noneosinophilic CRS showed no significant culture-rate difference.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comparison-of-mycology-between-different-types-of-chronic-rhinosinusitis/436921/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/comparison-of-mycology-between-different-types-of-chronic-rhinosinusitis/436921.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s main objective?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To culture fungi from nasal discharge of chronic rhinosinusitis patients using both traditional and Ponikau et al’s methods, then compare culture results between CRSwNPs vs CRSsNPs and between eosinophilic vs noneosinophilic CRS.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were patients and CRS severity evaluated before culture?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Eighty-one CRS patients scheduled for primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled between August 2018 and May 2021. CRS diagnosis followed EPOS criteria using history, endoscopy, and CT, and severity was scored via endoscopic examination and CT.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the key findings regarding fungal culture rates?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Using Ponikau et al’s method, fungi grew in 61/81 specimens. Culture growth was more common in CRSsNPs than CRSwNPs, showing borderline significance (p=0.058), while no significant difference was found between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRS.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Which specific fungus differed significantly between CRS phenotypes?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Cladosporium was significantly more common in CRSsNPs than in CRSwNPs (p=0.048).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},436921,1790765779,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","J Chin MedAssoc  \nOriginal article  \nComparison of mycology between different types of chronic rhinosinusitis  \nRong-San Jianga,b,c,d, Mao-Chang Suc,e,*  \naDepartment of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; bDepartment of Otolaryngolog, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; cSchool of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; dRong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; eDepartment of Otolaryngology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC  \nAbstract  \nBackground: The aim of this study was to culture fungi from the nasal discharge of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) using both a traditional and Ponikau et al’s method, and subsequently compare the culture results between CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNPs), and between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRS.  \nMethods: Eighty-one CRS patients with CRS who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled. Before surgery, the severity of each patient’s CRS was evaluated through an endoscopic examination and CT scan. Swab samples were collected from the middle meatus for traditional fungal cultures using cotton-tipped sticks. Afterward, the ipsilateral nasal cavity was irrigated, with the irrigated fluid processed using Ponikau et al’s method for fungal culture.  \nResults: The endoscopic and CT scores were significantly higher in CRSwNPs than CRSsNPs, but were not different between eosinophilic CRS and noneosinophilic CRS. Using Ponikau et al’s method, 61/81 (75 .3%) of the specimens grew fungi. Among them, 20 of 32 (62 .5%) CRSwNPs specimens and 41 of 49 (83 .7%) CRSsNPs specimens grew fungi. For eosinophilic CRS specimens, 35 of 46 (76 . 1%) grew fungi, and 26 of 35 (74 .3%) noneosinophilic CRS specimens grew fungi. The fungal culture rate was borderline significantly higher in CRSsNPs than CRSwNPs (p = 0 .058) but was not significantly different between eosinophilic CRS and noneosinophilic CRS (p = 1) . However, Cladosporium was significantly more common in CRSsNPs than CRSwNPs (p = 0.048) .  \nConclusion: Our results showed that the mycology of CRS was different between CRSwNPs and CRSsNPs.  \nKeywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis; Eosinophilic; Fungal culture; Mycology; Nasal polyps  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the sinonasal mucosa.1 CRS has been phenotypically divided into CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNPs), and endotypically classified as either eosinophilic or noneosinophilic CRS.2 Phenotypically, CRS is divided based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps. Eosinophilic CRS is a subtype of recalcitrant CRS and generally has a tissue eosinophil >10 cells per high power field with worse disease severity and poorer treatment outcomes than noneosinophilic CRS.3 However, high tissue eosinophilia has been observed in nonpolypoid sinonasal mucosa and has been shown in up to 27.5% of CRSsNPs.3  \n* Address correspondence. Dr. Mao-Chang Su, Department of Otolaryngology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, [ROC. E-mail: rsjtaiwan666@gmail.com](ROC. E-mail: rsjtaiwan666@gmail.com) (M.-C. Su). Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.  \nJournal of Chinese Medical Association. (2023) 86: 320-323.  \nReceived August 21, 2022; accepted December 26, 2022.  \ndoi: 10. 1097/JCMA.0000000000000905.  \nCopyright © 2023, the Chinese Medical Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[ ](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[by-nc-nd/4.0/](by-nc-nd/4.0/))  \nIt has been considered that bacteria have important roles in t","cbCaio9BkjDm8bZe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio9BkjDm8bZe","pdf",401314,"English","# INTRODUCTION\n# METHODS\n## Patients\n# RESULTS\n# CONCLUSION","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main objective?\",\"answer\":\"To culture fungi from nasal discharge of chronic rhinosinusitis patients using both traditional and Ponikau et al’s methods, then compare culture results between CRSwNPs vs CRSsNPs and between eosinophilic vs noneosinophilic CRS.\"},{\"question\":\"How were patients and CRS severity evaluated before culture?\",\"answer\":\"Eighty-one CRS patients scheduled for primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled between August 2018 and May 2021. CRS diagnosis followed EPOS criteria using history, endoscopy, and CT, and severity was scored via endoscopic examination and CT.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings regarding fungal culture rates?\",\"answer\":\"Using Ponikau et al’s method, fungi grew in 61/81 specimens. Culture growth was more common in CRSsNPs than CRSwNPs, showing borderline significance (p=0.058), while no significant difference was found between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRS.\"},{\"question\":\"Which specific fungus differed significantly between CRS phenotypes?\",\"answer\":\"Cladosporium was significantly more common in CRSsNPs than in CRSwNPs (p=0.048).\"}]","Comparison of mycology between different types of chronic rhinosinusitis | PDF",1790679450]