[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-600998-105":59,"doc-detail-600998-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","comparison-of-female-teachers-in-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-education-china-and-the-world","Comparison of Female Teachers in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Education - China and the World","","A comparative analysis examines the representation of female teachers across primary, secondary, and tertiary education by using yearly statistics from the World Bank and China’s Ministry of Education. The study explains key distinctions in China’s compulsory and secondary education structures before comparing China’s proportions with world averages. Results indicate the primary level has the highest female representation and fastest growth, while secondary trends show China’s consistent increase and later overtaking of the world average.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comparison-of-female-teachers-in-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-education-china-and-the-world/600998/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/comparison-of-female-teachers-in-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-education-china-and-the-world/600998.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What data sources does the report use for comparing female teacher representation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The report uses yearly statistics published by the World Bank and the Education Statistics Yearbook, together with figures from China’s Ministry of Education. These are treated as freely available inputs for the comparison.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the report compare China’s secondary education with global data?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"China’s secondary education is divided into junior and senior secondary, and the report averages the two parts to form a single secondary-level comparison. It also notes that the statistics include vocational schools within supplied secondary data.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What overall trend is observed for female educator proportions in primary education?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Primary education shows the highest female educator percentages in both China and worldwide, with China exhibiting the fastest growth across the five reported statistics years. China’s 2013 to 2017 increase is highlighted as leading to a measurable advantage over the world average by 2017.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600998,1792925856,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Comparison of Female Teachers in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Education:  \nChina and the World  \nWilliam Anderson Middlebury College  \nDate received: 25 April 2019; accepted: 8 May 2019  \nECNU Review of Education 2019, Vol. 2(2) 246–250 ª The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/2096531119853664](DOI: 10.1177/2096531119853664)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/2096531119853664)[journals.sagepub.com/home/roe](journals.sagepub.com/home/roe)  \nThis report is based on statistics published yearly in the World Bank and the Education Statistics Yearbook by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China. Using these freely available statistics, ECNU Review of Education aims to provide a basic comparative overview of representation of female teachers in all levels of basic education—both in China and the world. While this report articulates the aforementioned data in a comparative way, no absolute or final conclusions are meant to be drawn from these comparisons. Rather, we hope the following serves as a method of drawing attention to educational issues such as gender equality. Furthermore, we also hope that this report will serve to encourage follow-up research related to this topic.  \nBefore comparing China’s percentage of female educators across all level of basic education to that of the world average, certain distinctions are necessary. Following a law passed in 1986, the People’s Republic of China solidified the country’s compulsory education standard of 6 years of primary education and 3 years of secondary education. Secondary education is divided into two parts: junior secondary education and senior secondary education. Both parts include vocational schools in supplied statistics, and as such any conclusions reflect all students participating in secondary education—vocational or otherwise. Despite this, the statistics given by the Ministry of Education separate the two parts of secondary education,  \nCorresponding author:  \nWilliam Anderson, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA. [Email: wtanderson@middlebury.edu](Email: wtanderson@middlebury.edu)  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative  \nCommons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nwhereas the World Bank does not. In order to offer an easier-to-follow comparison, China’s percentage of female teachers at the secondary level of education was found by averaging the percentages of both junior and senior secondary education. It is therefore worth noting that the annual percentage of female teachers was higher in junior secondary education than that of the senior secondary level. This difference usually took the form of being within three percentage points—the smallest being a 2 .53% difference in 2013 and the largest a 3 .3% difference in 2017. In addition, data are taken only from the years 2013–2017 solely for the reason that the Ministry of Education has only published data for these years.  \nPrimary education  \nPrimary education sees the highest percentage of female educators both in China and worldwide. These values represent the highest across the three levels of education. Both China and the world show a positive trend in annual percentages. In addition, the primary level of education sees the fastest growth in the 5 years of published statistics, represented by China’s 6.53% jump from 2013 to 2017 . China saw an annual average growth of 1 .63% in female educators, with the gre","cbCaic6mspr8eAgt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic6mspr8eAgt","pdf",192315,"English","# Introduction\n# Primary education\n# Secondary education\n# Tertiary education\n# Method and data sources","[{\"question\":\"What data sources does the report use for comparing female teacher representation?\",\"answer\":\"The report uses yearly statistics published by the World Bank and the Education Statistics Yearbook, together with figures from China’s Ministry of Education. These are treated as freely available inputs for the comparison.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report compare China’s secondary education with global data?\",\"answer\":\"China’s secondary education is divided into junior and senior secondary, and the report averages the two parts to form a single secondary-level comparison. It also notes that the statistics include vocational schools within supplied secondary data.\"},{\"question\":\"What overall trend is observed for female educator proportions in primary education?\",\"answer\":\"Primary education shows the highest female educator percentages in both China and worldwide, with China exhibiting the fastest growth across the five reported statistics years. China’s 2013 to 2017 increase is highlighted as leading to a measurable advantage over the world average by 2017.\"}]","Comparison of Female Teachers in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Education - China and the World | PDF",1792091772,13]