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This study compared Cosmos caudatus extract and vitamin C in a rat model of exercise-induced oxidative stress, assessing oxidative markers and bone health. Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats received graded extract doses or vitamin C for 28 days, followed by high-intensity swimming and biochemical and bone analyses, concluding medium-dose Cosmos caudatus supported bone integrity comparably to vitamin C.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comparison-of-cosmos-caudatus-extract-and-vitamin-c-effects-on-antioxidant-response-and-bone-metabolism-in-rats-under-high-intensity-exercise-induced-oxidative-stress/459899/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/comparison-of-cosmos-caudatus-extract-and-vitamin-c-effects-on-antioxidant-response-and-bone-metabolism-in-rats-under-high-intensity-exercise-induced-oxidative-stress/459899.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why was vitamin C considered potentially both beneficial and risky in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Vitamin C scavenges ROS and supports tissue-related processes, but at high concentrations and with metal ions it may act as a pro-oxidant via the Fenton reaction, increasing ROS and cellular damage.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What was the experimental design used to compare Cosmos caudatus extract and vitamin C?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. One group received distilled water, three groups received Cosmos caudatus extract at different doses, and one group received vitamin C; treatments were given orally for 28 days followed by high-intensity swimming.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the results show regarding oxidative stress and bone outcomes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"MDA levels were significantly elevated across all groups, with higher values in high-dose Cosmos caudatus and vitamin C groups. The trabecular bone ratio improved significantly in the medium-dose Cosmos caudatus and vitamin C groups.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},459899,1790821907,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","OPEN ACCESS  \n[https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2025.0030](https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2025.0030)  \n2025;29(4):015-022  \nReceived: 2025/08/20, Revised: 2025/09/17, Accepted: 2025/09/23, Published: 2025/12/30  \n©2025 Gadis Meinar Sari et al. ; License Physical Activity and Nutrition. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license ([https://creativecommons.org/l](https://creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc/2 .0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n*Corresponding author : Gadis Meinar Sari  \nDepartment of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya, Indonesia.  \nTel: +62 812-3093-233  \n[E-mail: gadis-m-s@fk.unair.ac.id](E-mail: gadis-m-s@fk.unair.ac.id)  \n©2025 The Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition  \n[Purpose] High-intensity exercise increases oxidative stress, disrupts bone remodeling and accelerate bone loss. While vitamin C is commonly used to counteract these effects, high doses may act as pro-oxidants. Cosmos caudatus, a traditional herb rich in antioxidants, may serve as a natural alternative. In this study compared the effects of C. caudatus extract and vitamin C on oxidative stress and bone health in a rat model of exercise-induced oxidative stress.  \n[Methods] Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (3–4 months old, 200–300 g) were divided into five groups (10–11 rats each). Group P1 received distilled water, whereas groups P2–P4 received C. caudatus extract at 0.91, 1.82, and 3.64 mg/0.5 mL/200 g BW. Group P5 was administered vitamin C at 9 mg/0.5 mL/200 g BW. Treatments were administered orally for 28 days. Rats underwent high-intensity swimming with an 18% BW load at 90% maximal swim time (T90), twice daily, three times weekly. Femoral and blood samples were collected for malondialdehyde (MDA), osteocalcin (OC), C-telopeptide (CTX), trabecular bone ratio, and bone cell analyses.  \n[Results] MDA levels were significantly elevated across all groups (p = 0.007), particularly in the highdose C. caudatus and vitamin C. However, trabecular bone ratio improved significantly in medium-dose Cosmos caudatus and vitamin C groups (p = 0.016).[Conclusion] These findings suggested that medium-dose C. caudatus supports bone integrity comparably to vitamin C and may exert osteoprotective effects beyond direct reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, offering a potentially safer alternative for bone health under oxidative stress.  \n[Keywords] Sports nutrition, Cosmos caudatus, oxidative stress, high-intensity interval exercise, bone microarchitecture, sports health, antioxidant  \nComparison of Cosmos caudatus extract and vitamin C effects on antioxidant response and bone metabolism in rats under highintensity exercise-induced oxidative stress  \nGadis Meinar Sari1* / Idha Kusumawati2 / Siti Khaerunnisa1 / Yoga Akbar Arifandi3 / Julian Benedict Swannjo3 /  \nZahras Azimuth Doman3 / Zulhabri Othman4  \n1. Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia  \n2. Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia  \n3. Medical profession program, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia  \n4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College, Malaysia  \nINTRODUCTION  \nIndonesia’s demographic profile is dominated by a productive-age population, with over 69% falling within the 15–64 age bracket1. This group regularly engages in physical activity, either occupationally or recreationally. Such activity can significantly increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially during intense or prolonged exercise. The body’s natural antioxidants may become overwhelmed by excess ROS, leading to oxidative stress and potential cell damage, particularl","cbCaiuE8cEoyrXl6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuE8cEoyrXl6","pdf",1306056,"English","# Introduction\n# Purpose\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"Why was vitamin C considered potentially both beneficial and risky in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Vitamin C scavenges ROS and supports tissue-related processes, but at high concentrations and with metal ions it may act as a pro-oxidant via the Fenton reaction, increasing ROS and cellular damage.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the experimental design used to compare Cosmos caudatus extract and vitamin C?\",\"answer\":\"Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. One group received distilled water, three groups received Cosmos caudatus extract at different doses, and one group received vitamin C; treatments were given orally for 28 days followed by high-intensity swimming.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show regarding oxidative stress and bone outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"MDA levels were significantly elevated across all groups, with higher values in high-dose Cosmos caudatus and vitamin C groups. The trabecular bone ratio improved significantly in the medium-dose Cosmos caudatus and vitamin C groups.\"}]","Comparison of Cosmos caudatus extract and vitamin C effects on antioxidant response and bone metabolism in rats under high-intensity exercise-induced oxidative stress | PDF",1790757217]