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Results indicate onset age influences accommodative and binocular vision behavior in adulthood, supporting individualized clinical approaches such as accommodative and vergence training.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comparison-of-accommodation-and-vergence-parameters-in-early-and-late-onset-myopic-adults/458574/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/comparison-of-accommodation-and-vergence-parameters-in-early-and-late-onset-myopic-adults/458574.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"McQueen","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the main aim of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study assessed and compared accommodation and vergence parameters in early- and late-onset myopic adults.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were participants grouped in the methods?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"A total of 60 participants aged 18–35 years were categorized into early-onset myopia (EOM) and late-onset myopia (LOM) groups.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which parameters differed significantly between EOM and LOM?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Statistically significant differences were found for monocular and binocular accommodative facility, negative fusional vergence, and positive fusional vergence at distance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},458574,1790916272,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":107,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Shravya et al. BMC Ophthalmology (2026) 26:10 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04543-5](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04543-5)  \nBMC Ophthalmology  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nComparison of accommodation and vergence parameters in early and late-onset myopic adults  \nShravya 1, Salai Dhavamathi Janarthanan 1* and Vijaya Pai H2  \nAbstract  \nSignificance Myopia is a growing public health concern, and understanding the visual function differences among adults with different ages of myopia onset is essential for effective management. This study demonstrated that late-onset myopic adults have significantly reduced accommodative facility and lower fusional vergence amplitudesat distance compared to early-onset myopes. These findings highlight that the age of myopia onset influencesaccommodative and binocular vision behavior in adulthood, emphasizing the need for individualized clinical management strategies such as accommodative and vergence training in late-onset myopia.  \nPurpose This study aimed to assess and compare the accommodation and vergence parameters in early and lateonset myopic adults.  \nMethods This cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College and Optometry Clinic, Manipal. A total of 60 participants aged 18-35 years with mild to moderate defined as a spherical equivalent refractive error of –0.50 D to-6. 00D were included in the study. A comprehensive eye examination was done to confirm eligibility criteria. Those who met the inclusion criteria were categorised into two groups: one with those who had early-onset myopia (EOM) and another with late-onset myopia (LOM) . Accommodation and vergence parameters such as the amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility, accommodative response, AC/A ratio, near point of convergence, positive fusional vergence, negative fusional vergence and vergence facility were measured.  \nResults A total of 60 participants (30 EOM and 30 LOM) were enrolled in the study. The mean age at presentation of the early-onset myopic individual was 21. 8± 2 . 3, and the late-onset myopic individual was 21. 9± 2.6. There was a statistically significant difference between EOM and LOM in both monocular and binocular accommodative facility, negative fusional vergence and positive fusional vergence for distance. Accommodative facility was reduced in lateonset myopes compared with early-onset myopes (OD: 8.5 ± 4.7 vs. 12.5 ± 4.5 cpm, p \u003C 0. 001; OS: 8.5 ± 4.1 vs. 12.0 ± 5.0 cpm, p = 0 . 001; OU: 9. 2± 4.8 vs. 12. 8± 4.3 cpm, p = 0 . 002;) . Late-onset myopes also demonstrated lower negative fusional vergence at distance (break: 7.0 ± 5.5 vs 10.0 ± 4.0 PD, p = 0 . 002; recovery: 6.0 ± 5.5 vs 8.0 ± 4.0 PD, p = 0 . 005;) and positive fusional vergence at distance (break: 9.0 ± 8.0 vs 12.0 ± 11.0 PD, p = 0 . 018; recovery: 7.0 ± 8.0 vs 10.0 ± 11.0 PD, p = 0 . 024) . Other parameters showed no significant difference between EOM and LOM.  \n*Correspondence:  \nSalai Dhavamathi Janarthanan [dhavamathi.j@manipal.edu](dhavamathi.j@manipal.edu)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://crea","cbCaitbKSszktasl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitbKSszktasl","pdf",939896,"English","# Abstract\n# Purpose\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Key message\n## What is known\n## What is new\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main aim of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study assessed and compared accommodation and vergence parameters in early- and late-onset myopic adults.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants grouped in the methods?\",\"answer\":\"A total of 60 participants aged 18–35 years were categorized into early-onset myopia (EOM) and late-onset myopia (LOM) groups.\"},{\"question\":\"Which parameters differed significantly between EOM and LOM?\",\"answer\":\"Statistically significant differences were found for monocular and binocular accommodative facility, negative fusional vergence, and positive fusional vergence at distance.\"}]","Comparison of accommodation and vergence parameters in early and late-onset myopic adults | PDF",1790753735,18]