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Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major TME component and secrete factors that affect tumor survival, progression, drug response, and therapy resistance. This study compares normal versus CAFs using transcriptome analysis to discover overexpressed markers and unique non-coding RNA-based candidates that may support improved therapeutic strategies. 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BMC Cancer (2024) 24:1231 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-13006-x](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-13006-x)  \nBMC Cancer  \n RESEARCH Open Access  \nComparative transcriptome of normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts  \nApoorva Abikar1,3, Mohammad Mehaboob Subhani Mustafa1, Radhika Rajiv Athalye1, Namratha Nadig1, NinadTamboli2, Vinod Babu2, Ramaiah Keshavamurthy2 and Prathibha Ranganathan 1,3*  \nAbstract  \nBackground The characteristics of a tumor are largely determined by its interaction with the surrounding microenvironment (TME) . TME consists of both cellular and non-cellular components. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component oftheTME. They are a source of many secreted factors that influence the survival and progression of tumors as well as their response to drugs. Identification of markers either overexpressed in CAFs or unique to CAFs would pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies that in combination with conventional chemotherapy are likely to have better patient outcome.  \nMethods Fibroblasts have been derived from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. RNA  \nfrom these has been used to perform a transcriptome analysis in order to get a comparative profile of normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts.  \nResults The study has identified 818 differentially expressed mRNAs and 17 lincRNAs between normal and cancerassociated fibroblasts. Also, 15 potential lincRNA-miRNA-mRNA combinations have been identified which may be potential biomarkers.  \nConclusions This study identified differentially expressed markers between normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts that would help in targeted therapy against CAFs/derived factors, in combination with conventional therapy. However, this would in future need more experimental validation.  \nKeywords Tumor microenvironment, Cancer-associated fibroblasts, Chemoresistance, Non-coding RNA, LINCRNA, Prostate cancer  \nIntroduction  \nThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem, which is shaped by the interactions between the tumor cells and the non-cancerous cells as well as the extra-cellular matrix surrounding the tumor. Although the framework and composition of the TME may vary according to the tumor type, some hallmarks  \n*Correspondence: Prathibha Ranganathan [pranganathan@chg. res.in](pranganathan@chg. res.in)  \n1 Centre for Human Genetics, Bengaluru, India  \n2 Institute of Nephro-Urology, Bengaluru, India  \n3 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India  \nof the TME remain the same. The TME is comprised of a variety of cell-types such as immune cells (T cells, B cells, Tregs, Neutrophils, Macrophages, Dendritic cells, Natural Killer cells, Mast cells etc.) cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, adipocytes and neurons (Reviewed in [1]and references therin). The acellular components of the TME includes mostly secreted factors such as growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and metabolites [2]. The dynamic and reciprocal interactions between the tumor and its microenvironment influence cancer cell survival, local invasion, metastasis [3, 4], immune surveillance, angiogenesis [5] as well as response to therapy [6, 7].  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If materia","cbCaikO3xEJowHCC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikO3xEJowHCC","pdf",932118,31,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What role do cancer-associated fibroblasts play in the tumor microenvironment?\",\"answer\":\"CAFs are a major TME component and secrete factors that influence tumor survival, progression, and response to drugs. Their activity can also affect therapy outcomes by promoting tumor-supportive signaling.\"},{\"question\":\"How were normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts compared in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Fibroblasts were derived from benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, and RNA was used for transcriptome analysis to generate comparative expression profiles between normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts.\"},{\"question\":\"What key molecular differences were identified between normal and CAFs?\",\"answer\":\"The study identified 818 differentially expressed mRNAs and 17 lincRNAs between the two fibroblast states. It also reported 15 potential lincRNA–miRNA–mRNA combinations as possible biomarkers.\"}]","Comparative transcriptome of normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts | PDF",1790004475,78]