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Materials and methods use a multicenter retrospective cohort of 304 patients, evaluating technical success, primary technique efficacy, local tumor progression, ablation margin (≥5 mm), ablation time, and major complications. Results show comparable technical success, lower local tumor progression with NT-RFA after propensity score matching, higher ablative margins, but longer ablation times. Major complications were not observed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comparative-outcomes-of-no-touch-radiofrequency-ablation-versus-tumor-puncture-microwave-ablation-for-small-hepatocellular-carcinoma/456323/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/comparative-outcomes-of-no-touch-radiofrequency-ablation-versus-tumor-puncture-microwave-ablation-for-small-hepatocellular-carcinoma/456323.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study compare for small single hepatocellular carcinoma (≤3 cm)?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It compares no-touch radiofrequency ablation (NT-RFA) versus tumor-puncture microwave ablation (MWA) in terms of therapeutic outcomes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many patients were included and how were groups analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A total of 304 patients were included, with analyses performed for the overall cohort and also using propensity score matching with 81 matched patients per group.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which treatment achieved better local tumor control and what trade-off was observed?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"NT-RFA showed superior local tumor control compared with MWA, but it required longer ablation times and involved greater procedural complexity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},456323,1791231678,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Original Article | Gastrointestinal Imaging  \neISSN 2005-8330  \n[https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2025.1108](https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2025.1108)  \n[Korean J Radiol 2026](Korean J Radiol 2026);[27](27)([1](1))[:34-47](:34-47)  \nComparative Outcomes of No-Touch Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Tumor-Puncture Microwave Ablation for Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma  \nJae Hyun Kim1, Sae-Jin Park1, Dong Jin Chung2, Hyun Pyo Hong3, Jeong Kyong Lee4, Chang Jin Yoon5, Jeong Min Lee1  \n1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea  \n4 Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 5 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea  \nObjective: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic outcomes of no-touch (NT) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) vs. tumorpuncture microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of single hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) measuring ≤3 cm.  \nMaterials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 304 patients who underwent either NT-RFA (n = 144) or MWA (n = 160) for a single HCC measuring ≤3 cm. Comparative analyses were conducted for the overall cohort, while 81 patients per group were matched using propensity score matching (PSM) . The analyzed outcomes included technical success, primary technique efficacy, local tumor progression (LTP), and major complications. Cumulative LTP was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank text, while the rate of ablative margin ≥5 mm and ablation time were compared using Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U tests, respectively.  \nResults: Technical success was achieved in 98.6%(142/144) and 100%(160/160) of in the NT-RFA and MWA patients, respectively before PSM (P = 0.224), and 98.8%(80/81) and 100%(81/81) after PSM (P = 1.000) . The primary technique efficacies were 98.6%(142/144) and 100%(160/160) before PSM (P = 0.224), and 97.5 %(79/81) and 100%(81/81) after PSM (P = 0.497), respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative LTP rates were 1.4%, 1.4%, and 2.3%, respectively, for NTRFA and 5.1%, 8.6%, and 8.6%, respectively, for MWA before PSM (P = 0.013) . After PSM, the corresponding rates were 0%, 0%, and 0% for NT-RFA, and 7.6%, 10.4%, and 10.4% for MWA (P = 0.006) . Major complications were not observed. NT-RFA achieved a higher proportion, with an ablative margin ≥5 mm (88.7%[126/142] vs. 71.9%[115/160]; P \u003C 0.001), but required longer ablation times (median, 10.0 vs. 6.0 min; P \u003C 0.001) .  \nConclusion: NT-RFA showed superior local tumor control compared to MWA, despite greater procedural complexity and longer ablation times.  \nKeywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Ablation techniques; No-touch radiofrequency ablation; Microwave ablation; Treatment outcome  \nINTRODUCTION  \nPercutaneous ablation, along with surgical resection and liver transplantation, is recognized as a primary curative  \ntreatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases with up to three tumors, each smaller than 3 cm in diameter, that arise in cirrhotic livers [1-3] . Two distinct approaches to thermal ablation have emerged as prominent  \nReceived: June 10, 2025 Revised: September 9, 2025 Accepted: September 9, 2025  \nCorresponding author: Jeong Min Lee, MD, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea  \n• E-mail: [jmsh@snu.ac.kr](jmsh@snu.ac.kr)  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0](creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly ci","cbCaiqrdmZCP2VmP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqrdmZCP2VmP","pdf",2402366,14,"English","# Objective\n# Materials and Methods\n## Outcomes and Statistical Analysis\n# Results\n## Technical Success and Local Tumor Progression\n## Ablative Margin and Ablation Time\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Background: Percutaneous Ablation for Small HCC\n## NT-RFA Electrode Placement Rationale\n## MWA Tumor-Puncture Approach and Considerations","[{\"question\":\"What does the study compare for small single hepatocellular carcinoma (≤3 cm)?\",\"answer\":\"It compares no-touch radiofrequency ablation (NT-RFA) versus tumor-puncture microwave ablation (MWA) in terms of therapeutic outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How many patients were included and how were groups analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"A total of 304 patients were included, with analyses performed for the overall cohort and also using propensity score matching with 81 matched patients per group.\"},{\"question\":\"Which treatment achieved better local tumor control and what trade-off was observed?\",\"answer\":\"NT-RFA showed superior local tumor control compared with MWA, but it required longer ablation times and involved greater procedural complexity.\"}]","Comparative Outcomes of No-Touch Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Tumor-Puncture Microwave Ablation for Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma | PDF",1790745544,35]