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A randomized controlled, single-blinded in vivo study required participants to use the assigned rinse twice daily for four weeks. Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline, two weeks, and four weeks. Both ozonized water and alkaline water significantly reduced PI and GI versus control. Alkaline water benefits were linked to oral pH effects and bacterial adherence changes, supporting use as alternatives to regular mouthwashes for plaque and gingivitis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comparative-evaluation-of-ozonized-water-and-alkaline-water-on-plaque-and-gingival-index-in-the-oral-cavity-an-in-vivo-study/460347/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/comparative-evaluation-of-ozonized-water-and-alkaline-water-on-plaque-and-gingival-index-in-the-oral-cavity-an-in-vivo-study/460347.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the in vivo study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To compare the effects of ozonized water and alkaline water on plaque development and gingival inflammation, measured by plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants assigned to different groups?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Participants were randomized using a computer-generated random number table into three groups: ozonized water, alkaline water, and a control group using distilled water as placebo.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main outcomes after four weeks?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Both ozonized water and alkaline water significantly reduced plaque and gingival indices compared with the control group, with alkaline water benefits attributed to oral pH modulation and reduced bacterial adherence.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},460347,1790758271,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Original Research  \nComparative Evaluation of Ozonized Water and Alkaline Water on Plaque and Gingival Index in the Oral Cavity: An in vivo Study  \nPragati Hemgude1, Reshma M2, Rini Baldev3, Manish Prakash4, Deepak Kumar5, Naomi Ranjan Singh3, Priyanka Paul Madhu6  \n1Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (deemed to be university), Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Anajaneya Institute of Dental Science, Modakkallur, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Institute of Dental  \nSciences, Bhubhaneshwar, Odisha, India, 4Associate Professor, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India, 5Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India, 6Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (deemed to be University), Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India  \nSubmitted: 30‑Jul‑2025  \nRevised: 02‑Aug‑2025  \nAccepted: 13‑Aug‑2025  \nPublished: 17‑Dec‑2025  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Water and alkaline water have been proposed as potential solutions due to their antimicrobial and anti‑inflammatory properties. Materials and Methods: All the patients used the assigned rinse twice a day for four weeks. Baseline, two‑week, and four‑week plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were measured. Results: Both ozonized water and alkaline water significantly reduced plaque and gingival indices compared to the control group. Alkaline water shows benefits due to its impact on oral pH and bacterial adherence. Conclusion: Ozonized water and alkaline water are alternatives to regular mouthwashes in the treatment of plaque and gingivitis.  \nKeywords: Alkaline water, oral health, ozone water, plaque index   \nIntroduction  \nOzone (O3)  \nantibacterial,  \nis a strong oxidant with known antifungal, and antiviral properties.  \nIt has been applied in dentistry for disinfection, treatment of periodontal illness, and healing of oral wounds. [1] Alkaline water, however, is defined by  \n\n| Access this article online |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Quick Response Code:\u003Cbr>| Website: [https://journals.lww.com/jpbs](https://journals.lww.com/jpbs) |\n|  | DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1309_25 |\n\na more alkaline pH level that can affect the oral environment by lowering acidity, preventing bacterial  \n\n| Address for correspondence: Dr. Priyanka Paul Madhu, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.\u003Cbr>E-mail: [drpriyanka0690@gmail.com](drpriyanka0690@gmail.com) |\n| --- |\n| This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.\u003Cbr>For reprints [contact:](contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com)[ WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com](contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com) |\n| How to cite this article: Hemgude P, Reshma M, Baldev R, Prakash M, Kumar D, Singh NR, et al. Comparative evaluation of ozonized water and alkaline water on plaque and gingival index in the oral cavity: An in vivo study. J Pharm Bioall Sci 2025;17:S3238‑40. |\n\nS3238 © 2025 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences | Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow   \ngrowth, and reducing enamel demineralization. Studies indicate that an alkaline an oral environment is less favorable to the growth of cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacteria, thereby contributing to plaque control and gingival health maintenance.[2‑5] Furthermore, ozonized water is known to improve local circulation and tissue regeneration, offering addition","cbCaivCoCAx8XSRj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivCoCAx8XSRj","pdf",568445,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n# Results\n# Discussion\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the in vivo study?\",\"answer\":\"To compare the effects of ozonized water and alkaline water on plaque development and gingival inflammation, measured by plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI).\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants assigned to different groups?\",\"answer\":\"Participants were randomized using a computer-generated random number table into three groups: ozonized water, alkaline water, and a control group using distilled water as placebo.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main outcomes after four weeks?\",\"answer\":\"Both ozonized water and alkaline water significantly reduced plaque and gingival indices compared with the control group, with alkaline water benefits attributed to oral pH modulation and reduced bacterial adherence.\"}]","Comparative Evaluation of Ozonized Water and Alkaline Water on Plaque and Gingival Index in the Oral Cavity - An in vivo Study | PDF"]