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This paper introduces a comprehensive framework to gauge long-term care (LTC) system generosity and presents the Long-Term Care Benefits dataset (LTCB). Generosity is conceptualized using two dimensions describing benefit distribution and variety: scope and inclusiveness. Applying the framework, the paper collects de jure information from laws and secondary sources for 40 countries, finding common in-kind benefits and the prevalence of means-related co-payments, along with substantial eligibility-criteria diversity and stricter inclusiveness in liberal welfare states than in Nordic 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does the paper define LTC system generosity?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It conceptualizes generosity through two dimensions: scope of benefits and inclusiveness, capturing both what benefits are provided and who is entitled and eligible.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What data source and method are used to evaluate generosity?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The paper applies the framework using de jure information collected from laws and secondary sources across different aspects of LTC system generosity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What key empirical findings are reported from the LTCB dataset?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"For 40 countries, in-kind benefits are the most common benefit type, means-related co-payments are the most prevalent cost-sharing form, and there is wide variation in eligibility criteria that suggests LTC system 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System  \nGenerosity: Mapping Benefits and Inclusiveness Internationally  \nDavide Viero, Johanna Fischer  \nComparative Assessment of Long-term Care System Generosity: Mapping Benefits and Inclusiveness Internationally  \nSOCIUM SFB 1342 WorkingPapers, 31 Bremen: SOCIUM, SFB 1342, 2025  \nSOCIUM Forschungszentrum Ungleichheit und Sozialpolitik / Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy  \nSFB 1342 Globale Entwicklungsdynamiken von Sozialpolitik / CRC 1342 Global Dynamics of Social Policy  \nPostadresse / Postaddress:  \nPostfach 33 04 40, D-28334 Bremen  \nWebsites:  \n[https://www.socium.uni-bremen.de](https://www.socium.uni-bremen.de)  \n[https://www.social policydynamics.de](https://www.social policydynamics.de)  \n[DOI [https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/4329](https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/4329)]  \n[ISSN (Print) 2629-5733]  \n[ISSN (Online) 2629-5741]  \nGefördert durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Projektnummer 374666841 – SFB 1342  \nDavide Viero Johanna Fischer  \nComparative Assessment of Long-term Care System Generosity:  \nMapping Benefits and Inclusiveness Internationally  \nSOCI UM • SFB 1342 No. 31  \nDavid Viero (davide.viero@uni-due. de), CRC 1342 “Global Dynamics of Social Policy”, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen  \nJohanna Fischer ([johanna.fischer@uni-bremen.de](johanna.fischer@uni-bremen.de)), SOCIUM Research Centre on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen Acknowledgement:  \nWe thank Migyeong Yun, Meika Sternkopf, Jakob Schafhausen, Kim Schleicher, Mareike Schildbach and Iman Guled for support with data collection. We would like to thank Aline Grünewald and all participants of the Political Economy Workshop, participants of the Panel on Comparative Long-Term Care Data at the 7th International conference on evidence-based policy and long-term care, September 2024 12-14 in Bilbao, Spain, and Simone Leiber and Heinz Rothgang for comments on previous versions of the paper and data presentation. We thank Marina Pozhidaeva for editorial support.  \nAbstrAct  \nLong-term care is a comparatively young but increasingly important social policy field. However, international comparative data on the topic are (still) scarce. Addressing this gap, this paper introduces a comprehensive framework for gauging LTC system generosity and presents our corresponding novel data, the Long-Term Care Benefits dataset (LTCB). Building on previous discussions in welfare research, we conceptual ise generosity by means of two dimensions that depict the distribution and variety of LTC benefits: scope of benefits (what is provided and how much of it) and inclusiveness (who is entitled and eligible). More specifically, our resulting LTC generosity framework outlines 17 in-kind, cash and regulatory benefits for people in need of care as well as caregivers, plus criteria measuring benefit levels and the conditions that (potential) beneficiaries need to fulfil. Ina second step, we applied the framework while collecting de jure information from laws and secondary sources on these different aspects of LTC system generosity. Covering a sample of 40 countries, our empirical analysis of the LTCB data finds that in-kind benefits are the most common benefit type and means-related co-payments are the most prevalent form of cost-sharing for LTC services. We also find great variety in the number and kind of eligibility criteria employed within and across countries, which also implies LTC system fragmentation. Furthermore, in line with welfare state research, inclusiveness in LTC is stricterin liberal welfare states than in Nordic countries. While our novel dataset offers the most comprehensive and systematic de jure data collection on LTC benefits so far, it also has several limitations, such as missing (standardised) data on the level of benefits and its limited information on the (de facto) relevance of","cbCaioY6oGoqSzfn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioY6oGoqSzfn","pdf",1630440,72,"English","# Abstract\n# Zusammenfassung","[{\"question\":\"How does the paper define LTC system generosity?\",\"answer\":\"It conceptualizes generosity through two dimensions: scope of benefits and inclusiveness, capturing both what benefits are provided and who is entitled and eligible.\"},{\"question\":\"What data source and method are used to evaluate generosity?\",\"answer\":\"The paper applies the framework using de jure information collected from laws and secondary sources across different aspects of LTC system generosity.\"},{\"question\":\"What key empirical findings are reported from the LTCB dataset?\",\"answer\":\"For 40 countries, in-kind benefits are the most common benefit type, means-related co-payments are the most prevalent cost-sharing form, and there is wide variation in eligibility criteria that suggests LTC system fragmentation.\"}]","Comparative Assessment of Long-term Care System Generosity - Mapping Benefits and Inclusiveness Internationally - Working Papers No. 31 | PDF",1790732837,181]