[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-118165-en":3,"doc-seo-118165-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},118165,8796095462418,"Noah","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780",8,"Research & Report","Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Approaches for Asteroid Classification Based on the Orbital","The study examines asteroid classification focused on orbital characteristics and the risk of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs). It frames Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) as a structured set of orbital clusters and highlights how PHAs can cause severe damage upon impact. To reduce collision risk, it evaluates machine learning–based classification programs that separate PHA and non-PHA into a binary framework. Multiple algorithms—KNN, Random Forest, and Naive Bayes—are assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score to identify the most effective approach for reliable prediction.","CHAPTERIINTRODUCTION  \n# A.Background\n\nStudying asteroids is crucial in enhancing our comprehension of the solarsystem's history.Asteroids are like planets.They orbit the sun but with a smallersize(Wang et al.,2014).The asteroid belt,which located between Mars'andJupiter's orbit,is a region of asteroids including small asteroids,young asteroids,and pairs of asteroids on very similar orbits.The asteroid pairs usually involvedifferent mechanisms such as larger parent bodies collisional disruption,gravitational bound binary systems separation,and bodies on planet crossing orbitsdisruption(Moskovitz,et al.,2019).  \nThere are over 1,8 million asteroids in the solar system and 25,000 of them areidentified as Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs)because their orbit is close to Earth(Harris &Chodas,2021).NEA can be observed using extensive space surveytechnology and grouping into four orbital clusters:Atens,Apollos,Attiras,andAmors.Atens'and Atiras'orbits are close to the Earth;meanwhile,Atiras'are insidethe Earth's orbits,and Amors'are outside the Earth's orbits(Perna et al.,2013).  \n4.700±1.500 NEAs are Potentially Hazardous Asteroids(PHAs)that cancollide with the Earth.The PHA have a diameter of over 140 meters or about 390feet.PHAs'size is large enough to pass through Earth's atmosphere,causingmassive damage and endangering life on Earth (Perna et al.,2013).Once PHAcollides with the Earth,it will cause a big hole in the surface,similar to the moon'scraters.The craters appear because asteroids hit the moon's surface often.Fortunately,the Earth has an atmosphere that shields it from collision with otherobjects like asteroids.Therefore,the object will erode before it touches the Earth'ssurface.Meanwhile,asteroids that successfully crash the Earth's surface will formsome holes.After a time,the holes will disappear from the Earth's surface becauseof the erosion processes.Sometimes,the PHA that reaches the Earth's surface is aresult from the collision asteroids pairs.The collision separates some parts of the  \nasteroid,entering the Earth's orbit and falling into the Earth's surface as a meteorite(Sagan,2016).  \nThe collision between the PHA and the Earth has happened in the past and willoccur again in the future (Li et al.,2019).For example,a meteor crashed intoEarth's surface in Russia in June 1908.The crash caused an explosion thatdestroyed over 2.000 square kilo meters of Taiga forest (Artemieva &Shuvalov,2016).Furthermore,another 30-meter diameter meteor crashed near the Sikhote-Alin Mountains in the same country in February 1947.The crash caused over100.000 mountain fragments erosion,creating a large hole in the mountain.Anotherexample is the fall of the 20-meter diameter Chelyabinsk meteor in Russia inFebruary 2013,which harmed more than 1.500 people and ruined a lot of material.It shows that the collision can cause massive destruction(Perna et al.,2013).  \nTo minimize the risk of asteroid collision,the United States(US)Congress andthe National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)developed aninternational project,the Spaceguard Survey,in the early 1990s.The project hasidentified over 32,000 of the largest Near-Earth Objects(NEOs).It confirmed thatthose asteroids will not collide with the Earth (Baum,2019).The number of NEOsis increasing every year.Therefore,predicting the possibility of PHAs'collisionswith the earth is essential.The prediction can be provided by a suitable computerprogram(Bhavsar et al.,2023).The study applies machine learning algorithm toclassify the asteroids.  \nMachine Learning algorithm enables automation,reduce human error,analysecomplex data and identify patterns in the asteroid dataset to provide more accurateand faster classification.These algorithms can adapt and improve over time,enhancing their accuracy and reliability to categorize PHA and non-PHA(Metzger,2016).Several machine learning algorithms such as K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),Random Forest,and Naive Bayes are generally applied to make classification.How","cbCaiuAQRncLqonN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuAQRncLqonN","pdf",1218306,1,4,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Background\n# Research Problem\n# Research Objective\n# Research Benefits","[{\"question\":\"Why is asteroid study important for understanding solar system history and impact risk?\",\"answer\":\"Asteroids provide insight into the solar system’s history and their orbits reflect dynamical processes. Potentially Hazardous Asteroids can collide with Earth and cause massive destruction, so understanding and prediction are essential.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study define the classification task for asteroids?\",\"answer\":\"The work treats asteroid classification as a binary problem separating PHAs from non-PHAs. Classification is based on orbital motion and uses standard metrics to judge performance.\"},{\"question\":\"Which machine learning algorithms are evaluated and how are they compared?\",\"answer\":\"K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest, and Naive Bayes are evaluated. Their performance is compared using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score to determine the most appropriate algorithm.\"}]","Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Approaches for Asteroid Classification Based on the Orbital | PDF",1785681966,10,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"comparative-analysis-of-machine-learning-approaches-for-asteroid-classification-based-on-the-orbital","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,53,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/comparative-analysis-of-machine-learning-approaches-for-asteroid-classification-based-on-the-orbital/118165/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-02",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"Why is asteroid study important for understanding solar system history and impact risk?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"Asteroids provide insight into the solar system’s history and their orbits reflect dynamical processes. Potentially Hazardous Asteroids can collide with Earth and cause massive destruction, so understanding and prediction are essential.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How does the study define the classification task for asteroids?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"The work treats asteroid classification as a binary problem separating PHAs from non-PHAs. Classification is based on orbital motion and uses standard metrics to judge performance.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"Which machine learning algorithms are evaluated and how are they compared?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest, and Naive Bayes are evaluated. Their performance is compared using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score to determine the most appropriate algorithm.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,104,109,114,119,122,127,130,133],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":132},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":136},19,"General","general"]