[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-83328-en":3,"doc-seo-83328-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},83328,1374391974585,"Genevieve","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Communication Advantages from Quantum Dense Network Coding","Central problem in quantum information theory centers on using quantum resources to communicate more efficiently than classical resources. The paper introduces quantum dense network coding, enabling a receiver to obtain the value of a non-Boolean function while using provably half as many qubits as bits per sender. The advantage relies on shared entanglement and quantum communication, remains robust under noise, and can grow exponentially with the number of senders. Dense network coding further yields an information-theoretically secure measurement-device-independent quantum key growing protocol.","arXiv :2607 .08133v1 [ quant-ph] 9 Jul 2026  \nCommunication Advantages from Quantum Dense Network Coding  \nIan Georgea and Brian Doolittleb  \na Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543,  \nSingapore  \nbAliro Technologies, Inc. , Brighton, Massachusetts, 02135, USA  \nJuly 10, 2026  \nAbstract  \nA central problem in quantum information theory is understanding how quantum resources can be used to communicate information more efficiently than classical resources. We introduce quantum dense network coding— a protocol that transmits the output of a non-Boolean function to a receiver using provably half as many qubits as bits for each sender by not transmitting the entirety of the function inputs. We show this advantage requires both shared entanglement and quantum communication, is robust to noise, and the gap in success probability between quantum and classical communication can be amplified exponentially in the number of senders. Finally, we show that dense network coding gives rise toa novel, information-theoretically secure, quantum cryptographic protocol, which we call measurementdevice-independent quantum key growing.  \n1 Introduction  \nQuantum communication resources can offer an advantage over classical communication in which information can be transmitted using fewer qubits than bits. For example, when a pair of maximally entangled qubits (ebit) is shared between the sender and receiver of a quantum channel, a protocol known as superdense coding can be used to transmit two bits of information from sender to receiver using one qubit of communication [1] . Superdense coding demonstrates that that one ebit combined with one qubit of communication is more powerful than two bits of communication [2] . Motivated by this communication advantage, strict limits on communication with quantum resources have been established in the point-to-point communication setting [3–9] .  \nMuch less is known about the fundamental limits on communication that arise in a network when quantum resources are available. Nevertheless, prominent examples of communication advantages have been found in communication networks with multiple senders and a single receiver [10–12], which we refer to as multiaccess networks (MNs) (see Fig. 1) . Notably, Leditzky et al. [13] studied the MN in which entanglement is used to preprocess two independent inputs to the receiver’s classical multiple access channel (MAC) . The authors show that if receiver’s MAC penalizes incorrect answers to a non-local game, then when entanglement shared between senders improves the ability to win the non-local game, the amount of information that can be transmitted to the receiver using the specified MAC can be improved. Separately, Buhrman et al. [14] studied the MN in which two senders can transmit qubits to the receiver. The authors found that the senders need to transmit exponentially fewer qubits than bits to the receiver for the receiver to determine with high probability whether or not the two senders hold equivalent bit strings. These results suggest a rich theory of communication advantages of networks using quantum resources over their classical counterparts.  \nRecently, Doolittle et al. [15] developed a framework for studying communication advantages in quantum networks, and numerically surveyed communication advantages over a broad range of communication network topologies and quantum resource configurations. The survey found that the strongest communication  \nadvantages occurred in networks that have many senders and a single receiver. Specifically, the authors provide an example in which the receiver computes the bitwise XOR between each sender’s two-bit inputs where the two senders are each allowed one qubit of communication to the receiver and may use a sharedebit to assist with their joint encoding. Remarkably, these quantum resources allow this computation to be performed without error, which would classically require two-bits o","cbCaicn3F73BPwCJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicn3F73BPwCJ","pdf",911678,2,1,62,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Multiaccess Networks and Signaling Dimension\n# Results\n## Communication Advantages in Dense Network Coding","[{\"question\":\"What is quantum dense network coding?\",\"answer\":\"Quantum dense network coding is a protocol that lets a receiver obtain the output of a non-Boolean function using provably fewer qubits per sender than classical methods, without transmitting the full function inputs.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the communication advantage require both entanglement and quantum communication?\",\"answer\":\"The paper shows that the dense network coding advantage disappears if either shared entanglement or quantum communication is unavailable, leading to large error in the receiver’s output.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the work connect dense network coding to quantum security?\",\"answer\":\"The paper shows that dense network coding gives rise to an information-theoretically secure quantum cryptographic protocol called measurement-device-independent quantum key growing.\"}]",1784186759,156,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"communication-advantages-from-quantum-dense-network-coding","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/communication-advantages-from-quantum-dense-network-coding/83328/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-24","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What is quantum dense network coding?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Quantum dense network coding is a protocol that lets a receiver obtain the output of a non-Boolean function using provably fewer qubits per sender than classical methods, without transmitting the full function inputs.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Why does the communication advantage require both entanglement and quantum communication?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The paper shows that the dense network coding advantage disappears if either shared entanglement or quantum communication is unavailable, leading to large error in the receiver’s output.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does the work connect dense network coding to quantum security?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The paper shows that dense network coding gives rise to an information-theoretically secure quantum cryptographic protocol called measurement-device-independent quantum key 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