[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-442672-105":59,"doc-detail-442672-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","commonwealth-americas-defense-against-terrorism","Commonwealth - America's Defense Against Terrorism","","A Commonwealth Club program updates on Lebanon’s attempt to form a national unity government after prolonged civil violence, featuring Ambassador Abdallah Bouhabib’s discussion of a “last chance” approach for peace. The publication also presents a major debate on America’s defense against terrorism, outlining national and state-linked terrorist groups, evidence of foreign state involvement, and the argument that successful coercion must be met with a price high enough to deter further attacks.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/commonwealth-americas-defense-against-terrorism/442672/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/commonwealth-americas-defense-against-terrorism/442672.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Franzy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the program say about Lebanon’s political situation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It describes Lebanon forming a national unity government after almost two years of continuous civil violence, naming Rashid Karami as premier designate and outlining the cabinet’s composition.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the terrorism section characterize terrorism?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It describes terrorism as political action ranging from violent protest to open warfare, and distinguishes between groups targeting national objectives and broader threats.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence and examples does the terrorism discussion cite about state involvement?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It cites alleged direct involvement by Syria and Iran in major bombing incidents in the Middle East and mentions Libyan terrorism in London, along with discussion of training, arms, and support by states.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},442672,1790793028,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},2336478945519,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","His Excellency  \nAbdallah Bouhabib  \nAmbassador of the Republic ofLebanon to the United States  \nUpdateon Lebanon  \nNoon,Thursday  \nPacific Room,Hyatt Regency Hotel5 Embarcadero Center;San Francisco  \nAfter almost two years of continuouscivil violence and the tragic involvement ofAmerican,British,French,and Italianforces,the Lebanese are forming a nationalunity government under veteran politicianRashid Karami,the premier designate.Karami has named a new cabinet to becomposed equally of Christians and Mus-lims,including the leaders of the warringmilitias.  \nKarami,appointed premier on April 26by President Amin Gemayel,will be form-ing his tenth government in 28 years.Hehas named to the cabinet almost all the of-ficials who took part in the national recon-ciliation talks in Lausanne,Switzerland.But not all have accepted,including Druzeleader Walid Jumblatt,though in a hopefuldevelopment,Shiite militia leader NabihBerri just has.  \nCan this new cabinet resolve Lebanon'snine-year-old crisis?Ambassador Bouhabib,an economist and scholar who earned hisPh.D.at Vanderbilt University where healso served on the faculty,will discuss this\"last chance solution\"for peace and stabil-ity in Lebanon.  \nTickets—$14 for members,$17 forguests.Tickets should be picked up inadvance.See back page for advance ticketinformation.  \nINSIDE:  \nAn Aggresive Defense Against Terrorism……183-187May 21—June 12……        …    …185-186                     New Civil Rights Commissioner Speaks Out....187-189COMING EVENT:53rd Annual Book Awards…            …Back Page  \nCommonwealth  \nAmerica's  \nDefense AgainstTerrorism  \nAmbassador  \nRobert M.Sayre  \nDirector,State Department Officefor Combatting Terrorism  \nF R I D A Y M A Y 11  \nSPEAKING GENERALLY,terrorism is aform of political action that runs the gamitfrom violent political protest to openwarfare.  \nThere are many national terroristgroups:the Provisional Irish RepublicanArmy in Northern Ireland,the Basque ter-rorists in Spain,the Armenian groups thatoperate in many countries including theUnited States,the Red Brigades in Italy,and others.So long as these groups stick totheir nationalistic objectives—and we haveno reason to believe that they are supportedby external powers—they do not normallypose any significant threat to the UnitedStates.  \nParticularly disturbing to governmentsin the past year,however,is the extent towhich states themselves have begun to usetheir intelligence services and other agenciesto engage directly in terrorist activity.Evi-dence shows that Syria and Iran were di-rectly involved in three major bombingincidents in the Middle East in the lastyear:the destruction of the American Em-bassies in Beirut and Kuwait on April 18and December 12,and the bombing of theMarine barracks in Beirut on October 23.In the past weeks we have also witnessedLibyan terrorism against the people ofLondon.  \nIf states practicing terrorism are success-ful in their objective to force a change in agovernment's policies,we can expect thatthey will use terrorism more frequentlyWemust demonstrate to them that the price forsuch conduct is too high.  \ncontinued on page 184  \nSTUDY SECTION SCHEDULE:  \nMay 21,1984  \nReverend  \nJesse  \nJackson  \nDemocratic Pre.ential Candidate  \n# Crucia Issues ofthe 1984Campaign\n\nWe regret that ReverendJackson will not be in Cali-fornia on May 25because of a schedulingconflict.The luncheon hasnot been rescheduled.Forrefunds,mail your ticket(s)along with a self-addressedenvelope and daytimephone number to the ClubOffice:681 Market St.,SanFrancisco,CA 94105.Re-funds will be issued withintwo weeks of our receivingyour tickets.  \nSayre  \nStates That Engage in Terrorism  \nWe know beyond any reasonable doubtthat North Korea used members of its mili-tary services to plant bombs in Burma,which killed many members of the SouthKorean cabinet.We know that Libyan offi-cials in London opened fire on a peacefuldemonstration in front of the Libyan Em-bassy and killed a British policewoman andinjured other","cbCais0vEdqquKRI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais0vEdqquKRI","pdf",2874080,"English","# Update on Lebanon\n## National unity government and cabinet formation\n# America’s Defense Against Terrorism\n## Terrorism as political action and threats to the United States\n## State involvement and consequences","[{\"question\":\"What does the program say about Lebanon’s political situation?\",\"answer\":\"It describes Lebanon forming a national unity government after almost two years of continuous civil violence, naming Rashid Karami as premier designate and outlining the cabinet’s composition.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the terrorism section characterize terrorism?\",\"answer\":\"It describes terrorism as political action ranging from violent protest to open warfare, and distinguishes between groups targeting national objectives and broader threats.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence and examples does the terrorism discussion cite about state involvement?\",\"answer\":\"It cites alleged direct involvement by Syria and Iran in major bombing incidents in the Middle East and mentions Libyan terrorism in London, along with discussion of training, arms, and support by states.\"}]","Commonwealth - America's Defense Against Terrorism | PDF",1790701147,23]