[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-414950-105":59,"doc-detail-414950-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","commonweal-vol-lxxvii-no-17-april-25-1983","Commonweal - Vol LXXVII No 17 - April 25, 1983","","Commonweal, Volume LXXVII, No. 17 (April 25, 1983) presents a program and commentary on U.S. national security, federal spending, and economic policy. Dr. Milton Friedman’s theme draws on C. Northcote Parkinson to analyze how taxation and bureaucracy shape government growth, individual freedom, and national influence. The issue also highlights a Commonwealth Club address by Zbigniew Brzezinski on Soviet direction under Yuri Andropov, and an announcement featuring telecommunications leader William McGowan.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":45,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/commonweal-vol-lxxvii-no-17-april-25-1983/414950/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/commonweal-vol-lxxvii-no-17-april-25-1983/414950.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Marglet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What theme does Dr. Milton Friedman use for his address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"He bases his theme on C. Northcote Parkinson’s ideas about bureaucracy and taxation, focusing on how expenditure responds to income.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the issue describe the real threat to American national security?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It argues the real threat is not Russia, but a welfare state supported by rapidly increasing non-defense spending.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which speakers and topics are highlighted besides Friedman?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Zbigniew Brzezinski is featured on likely Soviet directions after Brezhnev, and William McGowan is featured on telecommunications as the industry of the future.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},414950,1790920149,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":44,"category_name":45,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},2336477982702,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Commoneallh  \n\n| VOL LXXVII·No.17   |  | April 25,1983   |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| April 29   | \"The Real Threat  \u003Cbr>to U.S.Security\"  \u003Cbr>Friday Flashes—April 15,1983   | May 5   |\n| The Honorable   | Dr.Milton Friedman  \u003Cbr>Senior Research Fellow,  \u003Cbr>Hoover Institution  \u003Cbr>I take my theme and topic from a much  \u003Cbr>neglected historian,humorist and com-  \u003Cbr>mentator,C.Northcote Parkinson.He  \u003Cbr>became famous for his book \"Parkinson's  \u003Cbr>Law,\"in which he discussed the relation-  \u003Cbr>ship between growing bureaucracy and   | San Jose  \u003Cbr>William G.   |\n|  |  |  |\n| Zbigniew  \u003Cbr>Brzezinski  \u003Cbr>Former Assistant to the President  \u003Cbr>for National Security Affairs  \u003Cbr>\"Power and  \u003Cbr>Principle”  \u003Cbr>Noon,Friday  \u003Cbr>Gold Ballroom  \u003Cbr>Sheraton Palace Hotel  \u003Cbr>Advance Tickets—12 for members,  \u003Cbr>$15 for guests.Please see Advance  \u003Cbr>Ticket Sale Procedure,back page,for  \u003Cbr>ticket reservation information.  \u003Cbr>Zbigniew Brzezinski's memoirs from  \u003Cbr>the Carter administration,Power and Prin-  \u003Cbr>ciple,confirm his role as a \"hard liner\"  \u003Cbr>on Soviet affairs.Brzezinski contended as  \u003Cbr>National Security Council director that  \u003Cbr>anything less than a hard line on key is-  \u003Cbr>sues would signal U.S.weaknesses and  \u003Cbr>misconceptions to the Soviet Union.  \u003Cbr>Brezhnev's death in November of last  \u003Cbr>year brought a new Soviet leader to  \u003Cbr>power,Yuri Andropov,raising questions  \u003Cbr>throughout the world about new direc-  \u003Cbr>tions,if any,the Soviets would take.In  \u003Cbr>his Commonwealth Club address Brze-  \u003Cbr>zinski will discuss these possible  \u003Cbr>changes,what signs of changes have thus  \u003Cbr>far surfaced,and the experiences of  \u003Cbr>direct negotiation with the Russians.  \u003Cbr>Beverly Hayon  \u003Cbr>Quarterly Chairman   | the taxable capacity of nations.I  \u003Cbr>emphasize Parkinson's second law,which  \u003Cbr>is also induded in his book \"The Law  \u003Cbr>and the Profits,\"my theme today.The  \u003Cbr>second law states \"expenditure rises to  \u003Cbr>meet the income.\"In Federal level,it has  \u003Cbr>to be revised to say\"expenditure rises  \u003Cbr>to exceed the income.\"  \u003Cbr>I will present some of the thoughts  \u003Cbr>Parkinson had about the relationship be-  \u003Cbr>tween the taxes,or his second law and  \u003Cbr>the problem of national security.This is  \u003Cbr>largely a question of the change in the  \u003Cbr>general attitude on the role of government  \u003Cbr>and on the relationship between individ-  \u003Cbr>ual and collective responsibility.  \u003Cbr>To start with,I quote Parkinson,who  \u003Cbr>said,\"success in the modern age is to  \u003Cbr>be measured by one's ability to give the  \u003Cbr>maximum of effort to one's career and  \u003Cbr>extract the maximum of subsidy from the  \u003Cbr>state\".But the real theme is set by\"the  \u003Cbr>contrast between high taxable capacity  \u003Cbr>and low taxes is a sign of latent strength.\"  \u003Cbr>These quotations result in two issues.  \u003Cbr>The first effect of a high rate of peace-  \u003Cbr>time taxation is that it reduces a country's  \u003Cbr>influence in world affairs,as we saw in  \u003Cbr>the great efforts Britain made to protect  \u003Cbr>the Falkland Islands.The second effect is  \u003Cbr>to be measured in the loss of individual  \u003Cbr>freedom.These can be well applied to the  \u003Cbr>situation of the United States today in  \u003Cbr>respect to our national security.  \u003Cbr>The Real Threat?  \u003Cbr>Quite understandably,the most likely  \u003Cbr>answer to a question of the cause of the  \u003Cbr>rapid rise of government spending and  \u003Cbr>high deficits is that defense spending has  \u003Cbr>been rising.However,this view is utterly  \u003Cbr>misleading.If we go back to 1956,time  \u003Cbr>after the Korean War and before our  \u003Cbr>Continued on page 121   | McGowan  \u003Cbr>Chairman  \u003Cbr>MCI Communications  \u003Cbr>Corporation  \u003Cbr>\"Telecommunications:  \u003Cbr>The Industry of the  \u003Cbr>Future\"  \u003Cbr>William McGowan fired the shots that  \u003Cbr>began the communications revolution  \u003Cbr>when he took a small obscure radio phone  \u003Cbr>company and began to scale down  \u003Cbr>A.T&T.The trip through the \"the valley  \u003Cbr>of death,with Bill McGowan,“as one  \u003Cbr>MCI employee s","cbCaihVwabfFHDPo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihVwabfFHDPo","pdf",2348887,"English","# Program and speaker announcements\n## Friedman: free-market monetarism and federal spending\n## Brzezinski: Soviet policy and national security\n## McGowan: telecommunications and the industry of the future\n# Inside notes and meeting schedule","[{\"question\":\"What theme does Dr. Milton Friedman use for his address?\",\"answer\":\"He bases his theme on C. Northcote Parkinson’s ideas about bureaucracy and taxation, focusing on how expenditure responds to income.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the issue describe the real threat to American national security?\",\"answer\":\"It argues the real threat is not Russia, but a welfare state supported by rapidly increasing non-defense spending.\"},{\"question\":\"Which speakers and topics are highlighted besides Friedman?\",\"answer\":\"Zbigniew Brzezinski is featured on likely Soviet directions after Brezhnev, and William McGowan is featured on telecommunications as the industry of the future.\"}]","Commonweal - Vol LXXVII No 17 - April 25, 1983 | PDF",1790599387,18]