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The guide also covers commercial pilot privileges and limitations, license currency and medical requirements, common versus private carriage, and key aeromedical factors including hypoxia, CO poisoning, motion sickness, spatial disorientation, and hyperventilation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/","Exam",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/commercial-oral-exam-basic-aerodynamicsflight-characteristics/387059/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/commercial-oral-exam-basic-aerodynamicsflight-characteristics/387059.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What causes a stall to occur, and what is the relationship to angle of attack?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"As angle of attack increases, smooth airflow over the wing separates, decreasing lift. At the critical angle of attack the airplane no longer produces enough lift to continue flight, resulting in a stall.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do flaps affect landing performance and stall speed?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Flaps provide similar lift at a slower airspeed and allow steeper approaches without increasing airspeed, while decreasing stall speed. With flaps extended, flare may require elevator control; without flaps extended, the aircraft can be configured to come in slightly higher for a normal touchdown.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What medical and currency requirements apply to a commercial pilot, and how long does a 2nd-class medical last?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"A commercial pilot requires a 2nd-class medical. Currency involves a Biennial Flight Review and specified takeoffs/landings depending on whether passengers are carried and whether the operations are at night. A 2nd-class medical lasts 60 months if under 40, 24 months if over 40, and 12 months while acting as a commercial pilot.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},387059,1790388928,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,95,100,105,110,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":106,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","Commercial Oral Exam  \n-Basic Aerodynamics/Flight Characteristics  \n-What causes a stall to occur?  \n-As the angle of attack is increased, separation of smooth airflow over the upper surface of a wing occurs, thus decreasing lift. Upon reaching the critical angle of attack, the airplane is no longer producing enough lift to continue flight, resulting in a stall  \n- *An airplane can stall at any airspeed or altitude, but will always stall at the same critical angle of attack *  \n-Stall speed is affected by:  \n-Weight, load factor, and power  \n-What causes an airplane to spin?  \n-A spin occurs as the result of an uncoordinated stall. An airplane must (1) stall and be in (2) uncoordinated flight to produce a stall. An airplane will continue to spin as long as one wing is producing more lift than the other and the airplane remains in a stall  \n-What is the purpose of flaps?  \n-Flaps provide the same amount of lift at a slower airspeed as well as allow the pilot to make steeper approaches without an increase in airspeed. Flaps decrease stall speed as well  \n-“I attempted to make a landing in a 172 without touching the yoke. I found that I could not land the airplane with flaps extended, but could land it without flaps. Why would this be?”  \n-With flaps extended, the plane would not be able to flare without the use of elevator control. This would result in the nose wheel touching down first. Without flaps extended, the plane is configured to come in nosed slightly higher, thus allowing a normal touchdown  \n-Cross Country  \n-Flight over water rules (part 91) = 50NM or more away from shore/out of power off glide range, each occupant must be provided with a floatation device (PFD, inflatable raft, etc. )  \n-MOA = Restricted for IFR flights when active  \n-Restricted airspace = May not fly through without permission (Legend on sectional)  \n-Prohibited airspace = May not fly through, must fly around or over indicated altitude  \n-SFRA = (Special Flight Rules Area; ie-Washington DC) Need prior permission to enter (waiver?)  \n-ADIZ = off coast areas, need Mode C to operate in  \n-TRSA = Grey rings found around certain airports; indicate radar coverage  \n-How to get AWOS at certain airports (ex.-Vandalia, IL)  \n-Pilot controlled lighting (if normal procedure does not work, consult AFD)  \n-Mode C required = 30NM ring around B airspace and within B airspace, C airspace, above 10,000 MSL, ADIZ (off coast)  \n-Privileges and Limitations  \n-May fly for compensation or for hire  \n-May not supply pilot and aircraft. If in doubt, call AOPA or a FSDO or look up in FARAIM 119.1  \n-Commercial Pilot License  \n-Does a commercial pilot license expire?–“NO, it is issued without an expiration date.”  \n-What must a commercial pilot do to stay current?–Biennial Flight Review, 3 takeoffs/landings in preceding 90 days if passengers are carried, 3 takeoffs/landings to full stops at night in preceding 90 days if passengers are carried at night (1hr after sunset to 1hr before sunrise)  \n-What medical does a commercial pilot need to exercise privileges? -2nd class medical  \n-How long does a 2nd class medical last under each circumstance?  \n-Under 40? -60 months  \n-Over 40? -24 months  \n-While acting as a commercial pilot? -12 months  \n-Common Carriage vs. Private Carriage  \n-Common Carriage must include each of the following:  \n1) Holding out/Willingness to take anyone/anything  \n2) Carrying people or property  \n3) Transporting from Place A to Place B (ex.-KLVN to KEAU)  \n4) For Compensation or Hire  \n-Private Carriage includes 3 or less of the above items  \n-ex.-Crop dusting, Sky diving, Flight school  \n-What does “Holding out” mean?  \n-a willingness to take on anyone/anything. Commonly involves advertising such services.  \n-Can you charge to fly people around in YOUR airplane with just a commercial license?  \n-No, you may not provide the pilot and the plane  \n-Can you be compensated to fly someone around in HIS or HER own airplane?  \n-Yes, as long as it is not your ","cbCaiodM1Zqh9NJv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiodM1Zqh9NJv","pdf",83658,"English","# Basic Aerodynamics/Flight Characteristics\n## What causes a stall to occur?\n## What causes an airplane to spin?\n## What is the purpose of flaps?\n# Cross Country\n## Flight over water rules (Part 91)\n## MOA, restricted airspace, prohibited airspace, SFRA, ADIZ, TRSA\n## AWOS and pilot controlled lighting\n# Privileges and Limitations\n## Commercial Pilot License\n# Common Carriage vs. Private Carriage\n# Oxygen Requirements\n# Aeromedical Factors\n## Hypoxia\n## CO Poisoning\n## Motion Sickness\n## Spatial Disorientation\n## Hyperventilation","[{\"question\":\"What causes a stall to occur, and what is the relationship to angle of attack?\",\"answer\":\"As angle of attack increases, smooth airflow over the wing separates, decreasing lift. At the critical angle of attack the airplane no longer produces enough lift to continue flight, resulting in a stall.\"},{\"question\":\"How do flaps affect landing performance and stall speed?\",\"answer\":\"Flaps provide similar lift at a slower airspeed and allow steeper approaches without increasing airspeed, while decreasing stall speed. With flaps extended, flare may require elevator control; without flaps extended, the aircraft can be configured to come in slightly higher for a normal touchdown.\"},{\"question\":\"What medical and currency requirements apply to a commercial pilot, and how long does a 2nd-class medical last?\",\"answer\":\"A commercial pilot requires a 2nd-class medical. Currency involves a Biennial Flight Review and specified takeoffs/landings depending on whether passengers are carried and whether the operations are at night. A 2nd-class medical lasts 60 months if under 40, 24 months if over 40, and 12 months while acting as a commercial pilot.\"}]","Commercial Oral Exam - Basic Aerodynamics/Flight Characteristics | PDF",1790281283,18]