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Altered gene pathways have been identified, yet molecular targeted drugs remain largely confined to clinical trials. No fully effective treatment is established, making discovery of new approaches urgent. Multimodal therapy is increasingly used to extend survival and improve prognosis. 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Although radical surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are performed on patients, the curative effect is suboptimal, and the survival rate is still poor. The discovery of altered gene pathways involved in this aggressive disease has advanced, but molecular targeted drugs targeting these pathways are still in clinical trials. To date, there is no effective way to treat this disease, so it is particularly urgent to find new treatments. At present, multimodal therapy is gradually being applied in clinical practice, which provides a new possibility for prolonging the survival time and improving the prognosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the current clinical multimodal therapy for patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer to evaluate its effect on improving the survival of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer at different stages.  \nKeywords  \nAnaplastic thyroid cancer, multimodal therapy, molecular targeted therapy  \nAbbreviations  \nAJCC, American Joint Commission on Cancer; ATA, American Thyroid Association; ATC, anaplastic thyroid cancer; CTX, chemotherapy; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EBRT, external beam radiation therapy; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HDI, histone deacetylase inhibitors; MDR1, multidrug resistant 1; MTT, molecular targeted therapy; NIS, sodium iodide symporter; OS, overall survival; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; qHTS, quantitative high-throughput screening; SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; VEGFR, vascular epidermal growth factor receptor.  \nReceived: November 7, 2022; Revised: February 17, 2023; Accepted: March 17, 2023.  \nIntroduction  \nAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with poor prognosis, accounting for only 1–2% of all thyroid cancers. ATC is a highly invasive tumor. Its tumor cells can infiltrate adjacent thyroid and other tissues, lymph and blood vessels and have strong potential for distant metastasis.1 Approximately half of anaplastic thyroid cancer patients have distant metastasis, and the lung, bone and brain are the most common metastatic sites. Even with active treatment, only a few patients can survive for a long time, and many patients die in a short time.2,3 Generally, the median survival time from diagnosis to death is only 1–6 months. According to the TNM staging guidelines of the 8th edition of the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC), all ATC patients were stage IV: the primary lesions in stage IVA were  \nlimited to the thyroid IV a = T1-T3b, N0/NX, M0); locallymph node involvement can be seen in IVA/IVB stage (IV B: T1-T3a, N1, M0 or T3b-T4, any N, M0); distant metastasis in IVC stage (IV C: any T, any N, M0)4 the clinical manifestations of ATC are related to the rapidly growing neck mass. When the mass grows beyond the thyroid gland, it can invade the adjacent organs, trachea, esophagus, and recurrent laryngeal  \n1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China  \n*Contributed equally to this work.  \nCorresponding Author:  \nHua Pang, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.  \nE-mail: [phua1973@163.com](ph","cbCaikDpcgFljpLi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikDpcgFljpLi","pdf",850449,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords and Abbreviations\n# Received, Revised, Accepted\n# Introduction\n## Disease burden and prognosis\n## Staging and clinical manifestations\n## Treatment limitations and emerging multimodal strategies","[{\"question\":\"Why is anaplastic thyroid cancer considered particularly lethal?\",\"answer\":\"ATC progresses aggressively with limited effective therapeutic options. Even with active surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, curative effects are suboptimal and survival remains poor.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do molecular targeted therapies play according to the document?\",\"answer\":\"Altered gene pathways have been identified, enabling targeted drug development. However, molecular targeted therapies are still largely being tested in clinical trials.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study assess treatment effectiveness?\",\"answer\":\"The study retrospectively analyzes current clinical multimodal therapy for ATC patients to evaluate its effect on survival across different disease stages.\"}]","Combination of Novel Therapies and New Attempts in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - Article Abstract | PDF",1790560632]