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Includes use restrictions for reproductions requiring permission, plus microform production specifications such as film size (35mm), reduction ratio (9:), image placement, date filmed, initials, tracking number, and filming credit. The record also contains contextual narrative about the Liberal League’s problem statement and program adopted during 1923–1925, presented alongside committee and address 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about whether government can exercise authority in economic and social domains based on per capita representation without gravely impairing economic or social freedom, and whether a solution can equate individual freedom with the general 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LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISION\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET  \nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nRESTRICTIONS ON USE:  \n Reproductions may not be made without permission trom Columbia University Lbraries.                 \n# TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n\nFILM SIZE:            35mmREDUCTION RATIO:            9:/  \nMAGE PLACEMENT:IA  \nDATE FILMED:                    1097 INITIALS:         ITRACKING\\#:                                                                                              23494  \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \nB  \n4  \nEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THELIBERAL LEAGUE128 East 92nd Street,New York,N.Y.John Firman Coar,Kingston,Mass.Ralph Adams Cram,Boston,Mass.  \nE.P.Keech,Jr.Baltimore,Md.Charles F.Thwing,Cleveland,0.  \nTo the Members and Friendsof the Liberal League:  \nYou will recall that the Liberal League wasfounded in response to the feeling,akin todread,that American civilization was becom-ing intolerant of the spirit which gave itbirth.Instead of regarding this civilizationas a means to a great end—the achievementof freedom in community—a steadily in-creasing number of Americans appeared totreat it as an end in itself.  \nGrave problems,always the companions ofeconomic and social evolution but rarely rec-ognized as such,were being thrust suddenlyon public attention,and in the hectic searchfor solutions their true nature was some-times overlooked.Immediate and thereforesuperficial remedies were becoming the orderof the day.  \nInevitably free institutions suffered.Regi-mentation of our economic and our social life—meaning the institutionalizing of themthrough an extra-economic and an extra-social power—seemed to be impending.Atany rate,a very considerable portion of theAmerican people,impressed by the exigen-cies of the general welfare,seemed to accept,for the most part perhaps thoughtlessly,thetheory of unlimited government authority asconsistent with the underlying principle ofour American civilization.  \nFor two years,beginning in the fall of1923 and ending in the spring of 1925,theLIBERAL LEAGUE sought to discover the prob-lem in which the several pointed problemsthat disturbed_its members individually,could be centered,and to formulate this basicproblem in such a manner that the emphasismight lie not only on the great principle ofliberty but quite as much on its practical im-plications.  \nNo one knows better than those concernedin the discovery and formulation of the prob-lem as it was finally adopted (in the springof 1925),how relative the success of everyeffort of that kind must be.It wouid,there-fore,be surprising if the problem as pub-lished in five successive and monthly num-bers of The Bulletin did in fact appear to allmembers and friends of the League asmore fundamental than many.specialproblems that severally engaged their atten-tion.Whether that be the case or not,itbecame apparent almost immediately thathere was a problem which must be faced andwhich called for the best thought,the widestpossible experience,and the broadest patriot-ism.  \nA verbatim reprint of the Problem wouldno longer seem necessary.But in order tocall your attention to it at this time,it maynot be out of place to restate the Problempointedly.  \nOur American system of government,likenearly all present-day systems,rests on percapita representation.Representation islegislative bodies(federal,state,local)is percapita representation and our chief execu-tives are chosen by the per capita method.Our shiboleth in government is \"the major-ity”of votes.To this indisputable fact ref-erence is made in the following pointed state-ment of the Problem.  \nIf experience shows that no government(federal state,or local)that is based,solelyon per capita representation ean exereise au-thority in the economie or the social domainwithout gravely impairing economie or s0-cial freedom;  \nand  ","cbCaijAUUByq6F8W","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijAUUByq6F8W","pdf",437877,11,"English","# TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n## Film specifications and metadata\n## Restrictions on use\n# Liberal League problem statement and program\n## Origins and context (1923-1925)\n## Formulation and debate in The Bulletin\n## Program: two committees and reorganization","[{\"question\":\"What is the film and technical specification information included in the record?\",\"answer\":\"The record lists film size as 35mm, a reduction ratio of 9:, image placement, and fields for date filmed, initials, tracking number, and who filmed the material.\"},{\"question\":\"What restriction is stated regarding reproductions?\",\"answer\":\"Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Libraries.\"},{\"question\":\"What problem does the Liberal League frame in the text?\",\"answer\":\"The text states a problem about whether government can exercise authority in economic and social domains based on per capita representation without gravely impairing economic or social freedom, and whether a solution can equate individual freedom with the general welfare.\"}]","COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DIVISION - BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET - TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA | PDF",1789962604,28]