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\n[http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir](http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir)  \nMedical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)  \nMedJ Islam Repub Iran. 2024 (18 Sep);38.108. [https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.108](https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.108)  \nColorectal Cancer and Its Microenvironment: A Brief Review  \nNauryzbay M. Imanbayev1 * , Arip K. Koyshybaev1, Nurgul M. Kereyeva1, Marzhan A. Aitmagambetova1, Azamat B. Zharylgapov1  \nReceived: 27 May 2024 Published: 18 Sep 2024  \nAbstract  \nBackground: The narrative review aims to explore CRC pathogenesis by deciphering genetic-environmental interactions, analyzing the tumor microenvironment's role, and assessing treatment responses. These objectives seek to enhance clinical decision-making and improve CRC patient care through a comprehensive understanding of the disease.  \nMethods: A narrative review from 2019 to 2024 on colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and treatment strategies was conducted. Systematic literature searches were performed on PubMed, using CRC-related keywords (\"Colorectal Neoplasms\"[Mesh]) AND \"Tumor Microenvironment\"[Mesh] . Screening yielded 233 eligible studies, with 14 highly relevant ones included. PRISMA guidelines were followed for transparency and reproducibility.  \nResults: This narrative review spanning 2019-2024 shows diverse study designs (5 clinical studies, 4 randomized controlled trials, 2 cohort studies, and 3 systematic literature reviews) with varied sample sizes (from 14 to 4000 participants) . Genetic mutations like KRASand BRAF are significant in colorectal cancer pathogenesis, with 8% exhibiting MMR proficiency. Immune cells and paracrine signaling are influential, and therapeutic responses vary, with limited efficacy reported in certain combinations.  \nConclusion: This narrative review highlights CRC's multifactorial nature and complex tumor dynamics. Integrating genetic, environmental, and immune factors, personalized therapies are pivotal for efficacy. Continued research is crucial for optimizing treatments and improving patient outcomes, emphasizing the need for multifaceted, patient-tailored approaches in CRC management.  \nKeywords: Microenvironment of Cancer, Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer, Colon Cancer, Rectal Cancer  \nConflicts of Interest: None declared  \nFunding: None  \n*This work has been published under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.  \nCopyright© Iran University of Medical Sciences  \nCite this article as: Imanbayev NM, Koyshybaev AK, Kereyeva NM, Aitmagambetova MA, Zharylgapov AB. Colorectal Cancer and Its  \nMicroenvironment: A Brief Review. MedJ Islam Repub Iran. 2024 (18 Sep);38:108. [https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.108](https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.108)  \nIntroduction  \nAccording to the Global Cancer Statistics 2020, colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (1) . The 5-year survival rate for CRC ranges from 14% for cases with distant metastasis to 90% for localized cancer, emphasizing the need for precise diagnosis  \nand accurate prognosis to enhance survival chances (2) . Despite the significant progress made, previous studies on colorectal cancer (CRC) have some limitations. One of the main challenges is to predict prognosis accurately using multi-omics data, which is still difficult due to the complexity and variability of individual tumor profiles (3) . CRC  \n\n| Corresponding author: Dr Nauryzbay M. Imanbayev, [dr.imanbayev@gmail.com](dr.imanbayev@gmail.com)\u003Cbr>[1](1). Department of Oncology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan | ↑What is “already known” in this topic:\u003Cbr>The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by genetic mutations, environmental risk factors, and complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment such as immune evasion and cell-cell signaling.\u003Cbr>→ What this article adds:\u003Cbr>The review underscores the significance of incorporating gene","cbCaiaiyjDMCdcTz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaiyjDMCdcTz","pdf",599949,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n# Conflicts of Interest and Funding","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of this narrative review on colorectal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"It explores CRC pathogenesis by analyzing genetic–environmental interactions, the role of the tumor microenvironment, and how these factors relate to treatment responses.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the literature for the review selected?\",\"answer\":\"A narrative review covering 2019 to 2024 was conducted using systematic PubMed searches with CRC- and tumor microenvironment–related keywords, following PRISMA guidelines.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors and findings are emphasized in the results?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes the importance of genetic mutations (e.g., KRAS and BRAF), immune-cell and paracrine signaling influences, and variability in therapeutic responses, including limited efficacy in certain combinations.\"}]","Colorectal Cancer and Its Microenvironment - A Brief Review | PDF",1790000004,23]