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advantage of its re-sources.They may be found by consulting the Table ofContents on Page ii of Volume 24.  \n## HOW TO USE THE BIBLIOGRAPHYHOW TO USE THE INDEXNOT ON THE PRONUNCIATION SYSTEM\n\nThe Pronunciation System  \nThe system employed to indicate pronunciation in this encyclopedia is based on thealphabet of the International Phonetic Association.This alphabet has two notable ad-vantages over other pronunciation systems:it is widely known beyond the bounds ofany one nation,and it is readily applicable to all the languages of the world.  \nIn the application of the system in the encyclopedia,the phonetic symbols are printedin square brackets following the article heading,and stresses are indicated by accentsplaced immediately after stressed vowels,a heavy or a light accent indicating respec-tively a primary or a secondary stress.  \na arm,father,shot  \neve,heat,baby  \ni  \na(Fr.)elan,emploi¹  \nif,sting  \nI  \na (Fr.)attacher,bal  \nk cane,broken,lake  \næ at,back,can  \nx  (Ger.)ich.ach3  \na(Fr.)ainsi,vin¹  \n1 lot,allow,real  \nm me,farmer,him  \nai ice,spine,cry  \nn no,funny,in  \nau ounce,loud,cow  \nb bat,rabbit,tab  \n习  rang,singing  \n0 old,note,go  \nd do,ladder,had  \nö(Fr.)eux;(Ger.)schön⁴  \ne elite,fate,pray  \n3 orb,ball,saw  \nE end,yet  \n5 (Fr.)bon,rompre¹  \n2 ago,maker,charity²  \næ(Fr.)leur;(Ger.)können⁴  \n3 earth,first,burn  \ne(Fr.)brun,lundi¹  \nf for,effort,life  \nɔi oil,point,toy  \ng go,figure,bag  \nP pat,upper,mop  \nh hot,behave  \nr red,worry,hear  \n2 The tilde(～)indicates that the vowel above which it appears is nasalized.  \n2 The schwa(3)is used to indicate a vowel sound common in unstressed syllables in English.It is closelyakin to A,the vowel sound in but.  \n3 The single symbol x has been used to represent both the consonant sounds found in the German wordsich and ach.Since,as a rule,the vowel that precedes this sound makes it either palatal or velar,it isunnecessary to indicate the distinction by phonetie symbols.  \n‘The symbolömay be approximated by pronouncing the vowel sound in urn or fir but with the r silent,asin Southern speech.The symbol c represents the same sound,but shortened.  \n6The ü sound may be approximated by rounding the lips as if to pronounce u while saying i.  \nThe symbol y,which occurs with some frequeney in French and Russian names,represents a consonantalv.approximated by pronouncing all but the last two sounds of the word canyon.  \ns saw,also,passjshe,ration,hash  \ntʃchin,hatchet,reacht two,matter,hatth three,ether,bathth this,other,batheu rule,loop,shoeü (Fr.)cru;(Ger.)grün⁵u bull,bookA up,but,sonVvine,avid,liveWwe,awakey yes,curey(Fr.)montagne⁶z zoo,dazzle,raise3 pleasure,rouged3 joke,fudge  \n—1  \nVolume 11 of Twenty-Four Volumes  \nA后56831997v.llNCR∈F∈eC人CE  \n# Collier'sEncyclopedia\n\nwith Bibliography and Index  \nLAUREN S.BAHREDITORIAL DIRECTOR  \nBERNARD JOHNSTONEDITOR IN CHIEF  \nLOUISE A.BLOOMFIELDEXECUTIVE EDITOR  \n闽Collier's  \nNEWYORK  \nTORONTO  \nSYDNEY  \nCOPYRIGHT C1997 BY P.F.COLLIER,a division of Newfield Publications,Inc.  \nAND by P.F.Collier,Inc.1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993;AND by P.F.Collier,L.P.1994,1995,1996  \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED.NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTEDIN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS,ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL,INCLUDING PHOTO-COPYING,RECORDING,OR BY ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVALSYSTEM,WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROMTHE PUBLISHER.  \nP.F.Collier  \n919Third Avenue  \nNew York,N.Y.10022  \nP.F.Collier &Son Limited  \n7Taymall Avenue  \nEtobicoke,Ontario  \nCanada M8Z6A5  \nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 96-84127  \nDISTRIBUTED IN CANADA BYP.F.COLLIER&SON LIMITED  \n# Collier's Encyclopedia\n\nhttps://archive.org/details/colliers-encyclopedia_1997_11","cbCaiokvdY7yb1X9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiokvdY7yb1X9","pdf",133253439,816,"English","# HOW TO USE THE BIBLIOGRAPHY\n## HOW TO USE THE INDEX\n# NOT ON THE PRONUNCIATION SYSTEM\n## The Pronunciation System\n## Properties of Germanium\n# GERMANIUM to HEATH HEN","[{\"question\":\"How is pronunciation indicated in Collier's Encyclopedia?\",\"answer\":\"Pronunciation is indicated using a system based on the International Phonetic Association alphabet, with phonetic symbols in square brackets after the article heading and stress shown by accents placed immediately after stressed vowels.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the tilde (～) signify in the pronunciation notes?\",\"answer\":\"The tilde indicates that the vowel it appears above is nasalized.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key properties of Germanium listed in the entry?\",\"answer\":\"The entry lists properties such as atomic number (32), atomic weight (72.59), isotopes, melting point (937.4 ℃), boiling point (2830 ℃), density (5.323), hardness (Mohs 6.25), abundance, and common oxidation states (+2 and +4).\"}]","Collier's Encyclopedia - HOW TO USE THE BIBLIOGRAPHY - Volume 11 of Twenty-Four Volumes | PDF",1790572481,1257]