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It documents achievement gaps by showing low percentages of low-income students meeting ACT readiness benchmarks across English, reading, mathematics, and science. The report argues that early knowledge and learning opportunities drive later learning through cumulative curriculum design, time for mastery, and sustained student interests. It then outlines key components for preschool and elementary education, emphasizing strong foundations in reading decoding and mathematics.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/college-and-career-readiness-the-importance-of-early-learning-policy-report-february-2013/528801/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/college-and-career-readiness-the-importance-of-early-learning-policy-report-february-2013/528801.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-14","2026-10-09",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are economically disadvantaged students most affected by the college readiness gap?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The report explains that learning gaps emerge early for many disadvantaged children, who often begin kindergarten behind in reading, mathematics, oral language, vocabulary, and general knowledge. These early disadvantages make later catch-up difficult.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What mechanisms make early learning beneficial for later learning?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Early learning supports later learning because students who know more about a topic can learn additional related information more easily. Early exposure also helps stimulate students’ motivation to learn.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What curriculum approach does the report recommend to improve outcomes in later grades?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It argues that when most students need major assistance, the regular academic program must be upgraded. A richer curriculum should be taught effectively, with learning spread across many years and built cumulatively from earlier grades.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},528801,1791667746,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","ACT Research & Policy  \n\n| Policy Report |\n| --- |\n| February 2013 |\n\nCollege and Career Readiness: The Importance of Early Learning  \nChrys Dougherty  \nAs our nation strives to have all students graduate from high school ready for college and other postsecondary learning opportunities, we have to confront the reality that we are far from achieving this goal. The problem is most severe with economically disadvantaged students. For example, in states where all eleventh graders take the ACT ® college readiness assessment, only 45% of  \nlow-income students in 2012 met the ACT College Readiness Benchmarks in English, 30% in reading, 21% in mathematics, and 13% in science.1  \nFor many students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, learning gaps appear in early childhood.2 Large numbers of disadvantaged students enter kindergarten behind in early reading and mathematics skills, oral language development, vocabulary, and general knowledge. This situation poses a challenge for intervention models that presume that 15% or so of students need short-term additional help, 5% or so need long-term intervention, and the regular academic program will take care of the rest.3 In cases where the great majority of students are academically behind and need major assistance, the regular academic program must be upgraded to deliver a richer curriculum to all students. Such a curriculum is highly beneficial for all students, but is especially critical for disadvantaged students, who often arrive from home with limited knowledge and vocabulary. School districts must develop a system of practices that enable such a curriculum to be taught effectively.4  \nWhy Early Learning Is Important  \nThat learning gaps emerge early, particularly among disadvantaged students, is one of the better-documented facts in education.5 Students  \nwho do not have a good start usually do not thrive later on. That is due not only to the fact that students in stressful environments with limited learning opportunities often remain in those environments, but also because early learning itself facilitates later learning—students who already know more about a topic often have an easier time learning additional information on the same topic, and early exposure to knowledge can stimulate students to want to learn more.6  \nGetting students off to a good start in preschool and the elementary grades is vitally important for several reasons:  \nLearning takes time. Research studies have addressed the value of allowing sufficient time per topic for students to adequately master the topic.7 This implies that subject-matter learning should be spread out over many years to permit a range of topics to be addressed in adequate depth. For example, one well-known curriculum for the elementary and middle grades spreads the study of US History out over all of those grades, covering fewer topics in greater depth in each grade.8  \nLearning is cumulative. In a well-designed curriculum, learning in the upper grades buildson prior learning in the lower grades.9 This is most obvious in the case of mathematics, but is also true for other content areas such as science, history, geography, literature, and the arts. For example, students learning about glucose metabolism in high school biology classes benefit from having learned the necessary prior knowledge about chemistry in elementary and middle school.  \n[www.act.org/research-policy](www.act.org/research-policy)  \n[research.policy@act.org](research.policy@act.org) for more information.  \n© 2013 by ACT, Inc. All rights reserved. ACT® and ACT Explore® are registered trademarks of ACT, Inc. ACT Core Practice™ is a trademark of ACT, Inc. 3899  \nStudent interests often develop at an early age. Students with the good fortune to be exposed to rich content in science, history, and other subjects at a young age may develop an interest in those subjects. Interest, in turn, leads to greater learning.10 Disadvantaged students often depend on their school","cbCait2i3frXVkv4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait2i3frXVkv4","pdf",129145,"English","# College and Career Readiness: The Importance of Early Learning\n## Why Early Learning Is Important\n## Strengthening Early Learning","[{\"question\":\"Why are economically disadvantaged students most affected by the college readiness gap?\",\"answer\":\"The report explains that learning gaps emerge early for many disadvantaged children, who often begin kindergarten behind in reading, mathematics, oral language, vocabulary, and general knowledge. These early disadvantages make later catch-up difficult.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanisms make early learning beneficial for later learning?\",\"answer\":\"Early learning supports later learning because students who know more about a topic can learn additional related information more easily. Early exposure also helps stimulate students’ motivation to learn.\"},{\"question\":\"What curriculum approach does the report recommend to improve outcomes in later grades?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that when most students need major assistance, the regular academic program must be upgraded. A richer curriculum should be taught effectively, with learning spread across many years and built cumulatively from earlier grades.\"}]","College and Career Readiness: The Importance of Early Learning - Policy Report - February 2013 | PDF",1791519800,18]