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Also analyzes how collective efficacy relates to group performance outcomes. Survey and interview findings show mastery experience as the most frequent and powerful source, leader-identified groups with higher collective efficacy, and a positive correlation between collective efficacy and performance outcomes.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/collective-efficacy-and-its-relationship-with-leadership-in-a-computer-mediated-project-based-group-work/599751/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/collective-efficacy-and-its-relationship-with-leadership-in-a-computer-mediated-project-based-group-work/599751.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"PakDamar76","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What four sources of efficacy are examined in the study?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The study examines mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and affective state as the four sources shaping collective efficacy.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How does the presence of a group-identified leader relate to collective efficacy?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Groups with an identified leader showed higher collective efficacy than groups without leaders, according to the survey and interview results.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What relationship is found between collective efficacy and group performance?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The study reports that groups’ collective efficacy level had a positive correlation with the groups’ performance outcome.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},599751,1792161811,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Collective Efficacy and its Relationship with Leadership in a Computer-mediated Project-based Group Work  \nYeol Huh, Charles M. Reigeluth, & Dabae Lee  \nIndiana University, United States  \nAbstract  \nBased on Bandura’s work, the four sources of efficacy shaping were examined in regard to frequency and students’ perception of importance in a computer-mediated, project-based high school classroom. In a context of group work where there was no designated leader, groups’ collective efficacy was examined if it has any relationship with individual’s leadership traits. In addition, the relationship between the existence of group-identified leader and the groups’ collective efficacy as well as the relationship between the collective efficacy and the groups’ performance outcome were examined. The results from survey and interview showed that mastery experience was the most frequent and powerful source of efficacy shaping among the four sources. Moreover, the groups with identified leader showed higher collective efficacy than the groups without leaders, and the groups’ collective efficacy level showed positive correlation with the groups’ performance outcome.  \nKeywords: Collective efficacy; Leadership traits; Computer-based PBL; Group performance  \nIntroduction  \nSince Bandura (1977, 1978) introduced the idea of self-efficacy, a line of research has been conducted regarding the relationship between self-efficacy and other factors such as selfregulation and performance in various disciplines ([e.g. business](e.g. business), health, sports, and education) . However, under circumstances that require any kind of group work or teamwork, self-efficacy isnot enough to explain the performance of a team as a whole. For example, in a football team, askilled quarterback may have a high level of self-efficacy, but other players’ skill and efficacy levels need to be considered to determine the efficacy of the team (Bandura, 2000) .  \nLater, the concept of collective efficacy was developed to explain more about the efficacy of a group or a team (1977, 1986) . Moreover, in any discipline, especially current educational settings, there has been a growing need for and interest in collaboration in group work. In the field of education, collaboration is also considered by the Partnership for 21st Century Skills (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2010)– an organization that consists of business and educational leaders – as one of the 21st century skills that students should have. Furthermore, Reigeluth, Watson, Watson, Dutta, Chen, and Powell (2008) also emphasized project-based learning as a major method in the Information-Age paradigm of education, one that typically depends on group work. With the increasing emphasis on group work, there is a greater need to further investigate  \ncollective efficacy. In this study, the sources that shape collective efficacy and the role of leadership in groups’ collective efficacy, as well as the outstanding leadership traits of groupidentified leaders were examined.  \nReview of Literature  \nCollective Efficacy  \nBandura defined perceived self-efficacy as a person’s belief in his/her capability to organize and implement a series of actions to produce given attainments (Bandura, 1978, 1986; Riggs & Knight, 1994; Wood & Bandura, 1989) . Later, given the holistic nature of a group, Bandura (1977, 1986) defined another concept called collective efficacy. He stated that “collective efficacy is rooted in self-efficacy” (p. 143) . However, Bandura himself and the subsequent research examining the relationship between self-efficacy and collective efficacy suggested that self-efficacy and collective efficacy are related but distinct concepts (Jex & Gudanowski, 1992; Parker, 1994; Riggs & Knight, 1994) . The most widely accepted definition is Bandura’s, in which he defined collective efficacy as“a group’s shared belief in its conjoint capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given levels","cbCaikuEXpYYXQnq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikuEXpYYXQnq","pdf",598856,21,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Self-efficacy and limitations in group settings\n## Development of collective efficacy and relevance to education\n# Review of Literature\n## Collective efficacy\n## Sources shaping collective efficacy","[{\"question\":\"What four sources of efficacy are examined in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and affective state as the four sources shaping collective efficacy.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the presence of a group-identified leader relate to collective efficacy?\",\"answer\":\"Groups with an identified leader showed higher collective efficacy than groups without leaders, according to the survey and interview results.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship is found between collective efficacy and group performance?\",\"answer\":\"The study reports that groups’ collective efficacy level had a positive correlation with the groups’ performance outcome.\"}]","Collective Efficacy and its Relationship with Leadership in a Computer-mediated Project-based Group Work | PDF",1792089369,53]