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It also focuses on employees in non-neighboring states and concludes with key insights.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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do higher education institutions face challenges when hiring out-of-state employees?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Hiring employees who reside in another state increases logistical complexity because institutions must comply with varying employment laws and tax systems across states.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the report define “out-of-state professionals”?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Professionals whose state of residence differs from the state where their institution’s primary campus is located are classified as out-of-state.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What does the report say about the growth of institutions reporting out-of-state professionals?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The share of institutions reporting at least one out-of-state professional increased from 63% in 2021-22 to 70% in 2024-25, although 30% reported none in 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Brielle Johnson and Melissa Fuesting  \nNovember 2025  \nIntroduction  \nHiring employees who reside in another state presents multiple logistical challenges for higher education institutions and HR professionals. When employees reside out of state, colleges and universities must comply with relevant employment laws and tax systems that vary across states, resulting in greater complexity of HR functions. 1 Although the vast majority of employees in higher education continue to work in-state and on-site, colleges and universities are facing pressure to offer more flexible work arrangements.2 Hiring employees across state lines enables higher education institutions to attract and retain top talent, particularly as workers increasingly expect and prioritize flexible work arrangements.3  \nThe COVID-19 pandemic served as a catalyst for higher education institutions to reevaluate their workforce policies, and institutions embracing location flexibility have documented benefits such as increased employee satisfaction and improved collaboration.4 This report provides a deep dive into the out-of-state professional workforce in higher education. It is important to note that employees who live and work in a different state do not necessarily have remote work arrangements, and this group likely consists of a mix of employees who have a regular expectation of commuting across state lines to work on-site and employees who do not have any regular expectation of working from campus (e.g., fully remote) . In this report, we examine the characteristics of out-of-state professionals and the institutions where they are employed.  \nThe Data  \nCUPA-HR started collecting state of residence data in the Professionals in Higher Education Survey in 2021-22.5 This survey is administered annually and includes positions that typically require professional-level expertise, a baccalaureate degree or higher, or professional licensure. State-of-residence data offers opportunities for deeper insights into employees who reside out of state. In this report, professionals whose state of residence differed from the state where their institution’s primary campus is located were classified as out-of-state. Given the relatively high qualifications required for these positions, colleges and universities may be especially motivated to expand their applicant pools for  \n1 Moody, J. (2022, July 28) . Colleges Look to Staffing Firms to Allow Remote Work. Inside Higher Ed.  \n2 Weissman, S. (2023, January 3) . The Great Resignation at Community Colleges. Inside Higher Ed.  \n3 Schneider, J., & Bichsel, J (2025, September) . The CUPA-HR 2025 Higher Education Employee Retention Survey. CUPA-HR.  \n4 Tsipursky, G. (2023, August 8) . How Higher Ed Is Embracing Flexible Work. Forbes.  \n5 CUPA-HR. (2025) . Professionals in Higher Education Survey, 2021-22 to 2024-25 [Data set].  \nprofessional roles by considering out-of-state candidates and implementing flexible work policies to remain competitive and retain talented staff.6  \nThe Analyses  \nThis report provides insights into out-of-state professionals in 2024-25 and examines how this sector of the workforce has changed in the years since CUPA-HR began collecting incumbent-level state-of-residence data in 2021-22. Unless otherwise specified, data presented in this report reflect findings from the 2024-25 Professionals in Higher Education Survey. First, we report on the characteristics of institutions that have professionals residing out of state. Then, we examine the characteristics of out-of-state professionals, includingthe most common positions and position categories for out-of-state professionals. We also provide a focused analysis on out-of-state professionals who reside in non-neighboring states. Finally, we conclude with some key takeaways from our analysis of the out-of-state professional workforce.  \nInstitutions With Out-of-State Professionals  \nT","cbCaiu2V2r1nyssg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu2V2r1nyssg","pdf",862527,"English","# Introduction\n# The Data\n# The Analyses\n# Institutions With Out-of-State Professionals\n## The Proportion of Institutions Reporting at Least One Professional\n## Most Institutions Do Not Have High Concentrations of Out-of-State Professionals","[{\"question\":\"Why do higher education institutions face challenges when hiring out-of-state employees?\",\"answer\":\"Hiring employees who reside in another state increases logistical complexity because institutions must comply with varying employment laws and tax systems across states.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report define “out-of-state professionals”?\",\"answer\":\"Professionals whose state of residence differs from the state where their institution’s primary campus is located are classified as out-of-state.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the report say about the growth of institutions reporting out-of-state professionals?\",\"answer\":\"The share of institutions reporting at least one out-of-state professional increased from 63% in 2021-22 to 70% in 2024-25, although 30% reported none in 2024-25.\"}]","Colleagues From Near and Far: Out-of-State Professionals in the Higher Education Workforce - November 2025 | PDF",1792050157]