[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40940-en":3,"doc-seo-40940-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40940,13056703019662,"Evangeline","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188",2,"Literature","Collapse: The Fall of the Soviet Union","A historical account of the Soviet Union’s unraveling, structured around the Gorbachev-era shift from reform to crisis and then to fragmentation. The book traces perestroika and policy releases in the 1980s, the resulting revolutions and separatism, and the government’s movement toward crossroads and a weakening “Leviathan.” It follows the 1991 collapse through standoff, devolution, consensus and conspiracy, culminating in junta rule, demise, and the progression to independence and liquidation.","COLLAPSE  \nii  \nCOLLAPSE  \nTHE FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION  \nVLADISLAV M . ZUBOK  \nYALE UNIVERSITY PRESS  \nNEW HAVEN AND LONDON  \nCopyright © 2021 Vladislav M. Zubok  \nAll rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publishers.  \nFor information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact:  \nU.S. Office: [sales.press@yale.edu](sales.press@yale.edu) [yalebooks.com](yalebooks.com)  \nEurope Office: [sales@yaleup.co.uk yalebooks.co.uk](sales@yaleup.co.uk yalebooks.co.uk)  \nSet in Minion Pro by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd Printed in Great Britain by TJ Books, Padstow, Cornwall  \nLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2021941540  \ne-ISBN 978-0-300-26244-5  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.  \n10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  \nTo all reformers  \nvi  \nCONTENTS  \nList of Illustrations ix  \nDramatis Personae xi  \nAcknowledgments xvi  \nMaps xxi  \nIntroduction: A Puzzle 1  \nPART I HOPE AND HUBRIS, 1983–90  \n1. Perestroika 13  \n2. Release 43  \n3. Revolutions 70  \n4. Separatism 98  \n5. Crossroads 126  \n6. Leviathan 154  \nPART II DECLINE AND DOWNFALL, 1991  \n7. Standoff 181  \n8. Devolution 206  \n9. Consensus 229  \n10. Conspiracy 255  \n11. Junta 279  \n12. Demise 311  \n13. Cacophony 336  \n14. Independence 365  \n15. Liquidation 397  \nCONTENTS  \nConclusion 427  \nList of Abbreviations 440  \nNotes 441  \nSelected Bibliography 502  \nIndex 511  \nILLUSTRATIONS  \nPLATES  \n1. Gorbachev at the funeral of his predecessor Konstantin Chernenko, 11 March 1985. Courtesy of Yuri Feklistov.  \n2. Gorbachev at the unveiling of Lenin’s monument in Moscow, November  \n1985. Courtesy of Yuri Feklistov.  \n3. Popular Front activists in Estonia, fall 1988. Courtesy of Yuri Feklistov.  \n4. Andrei Sakharov as People’s Deputy, June 1989. Author unknown / © The Yeltsin Foundation.  \n5. Boris Yeltsin displays his Russian charisma, March 1989. Vyacheslav Bakin /© The Yeltsin Foundation.  \n6. Gorbachev and Bush at the Malta summit, 2 December 1989. TASS / Contributor / Getty Images.  \n7. Gorbachev takes the oath to become the President of the USSR, March  \n1990. Dmitry Donskoy / © The Yeltsin Foundation.  \n8. Night rehearsal of the military parade on Red Square, early May 1990. Courtesy of Yuri Feklistov.  \n9. Gorbachev, Marshal Yazov, and Prime Minister Ryzhkov at Lenin’s Mausoleum, 9 May 1990. Dmitry Donskoy / © The Yeltsin Foundation.  \n10. Grigory Yavlinsky, July 1991. Courtesy of Yuri Feklistov.  \n11. Yeltsin resigns his Party membership and walks away from the Party Congress, 12 July 1990. Anatoly Khrupov / © The Yeltsin Foundation.  \n12. Yeltsin and Leonid Kravchuk sign the Russian-Ukrainian “treaty,” 19 November 1990. Author unknown / © The Yeltsin Foundation.  \n13. Democratic Russia rallies next to the Kremlin, 10 March 1991. Courtesy of Yuri Feklistov.  \n14. Vladimir Zhirinovsky speaks, May 1991. Dmitry Donskoy / © The Yeltsin Foundation.  \nILLUSTRATIONS  \n15. Nine Plus One talks in Novo-Ogaryovo, July 1991. Alexander Chumichev /© The Yeltsin Foundation.  \n16. Gennady Burbulis, March 1991. Dmitry Donskoy / © The Yeltsin Foundation.  \n17. Inauguration of Yeltsin as the Russian President, 10 July 1991. Dmitry Donskoy / © The Yeltsin Foundation.  \n18. Gorbachev atthe G-7 summit in London, 17 July 1991. The Asahi Shimbun / Contributor / Getty images.  \n19. Barbara Bush between Yeltsin and Gorbachev at a reception during the Moscow summit, 30 July 1991. SHONE / Contributor / Getty Images.  \n20. Gennady Yanayev speaks at a press conference given by the junta leaders, 19 August 1991. TASS / Contributor / Getty Images.  \n21. Galina Starovoitova with Margaret Thatcher, 20 August 1991. Courtesy of Platon Borshchevsky.  \n22. Muscovites build barricades in front of the “Russian White House,”  \n20 August 1991. Dmitry Donskoy / © The Ye","cbCaiteLOWB7Dd93","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiteLOWB7Dd93","pdf",16209013,4,1,572,"English","en",105,"# Introduction: A Puzzle\n# PART I Hope and Hubris, 1983–90\n## Perestroika\n## Release\n## Revolutions\n## Separatism\n## Crossroads\n## Leviathan\n# PART II Decline and Downfall, 1991\n## Standoff\n## Devolution\n## Consensus\n## Conspiracy\n## Junta\n## Demise\n## Cacophony\n## Independence\n## Liquidation\n# Conclusion\n# Notes\n# Selected Bibliography\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"How is the book organized chronologically?\",\"answer\":\"The narrative is split into two main parts: “Hope and Hubris, 1983–90” and “Decline and Downfall, 1991,” tracking events from reform efforts through the final collapse.\"},{\"question\":\"What major phases does the book describe in the 1983–90 period?\",\"answer\":\"Chapters cover perestroika, release, revolutions, separatism, crossroads, and the weakening of the Soviet state captured as “Leviathan.”\"},{\"question\":\"What events are emphasized in the 1991 collapse?\",\"answer\":\"The 1991 section includes standoff, devolution, consensus, conspiracy, junta, demise, cacophony, independence, and 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