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Using two-photon microscopy with SHG and Fiji macro analysis, AA samples exhibited increased mesoscopic fiber metrics but no significant differences in collagen microstructure packing density, suggesting macrostructural collagen features linked to an aggressive phenotype.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/collagen-architecture-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer/365552/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/collagen-architecture-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer/365552.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Sophia Brooks","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the main goal of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To assess collagen properties in TNBC samples from different racial groups and determine whether matrix architecture varies between groups.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were collagen properties measured in the research?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Fibrillar collagen architecture was analyzed using two-photon microscopy with second harmonic generation (SHG), with image processing in Fiji macro TWOMBLI to quantify morphological and nanoscopic properties.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What differences did the study find between AA and Caucasian samples?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Compared with Caucasian tumor images, AA samples showed significant increases in fiber area, total length, endpoints, and branchpoints, along with decreased lacunarity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},365552,1790456175,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084925636,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","OPEN ACCESS  \nCitation: Dinkel Z, Baker A, Akins A, King KL, Harrington M, Kunkel D, et al. (2025) Collagen architecture in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 20(5): e0324655. [https://doi](https://doi). org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324655  \nEditor: Karanvir Saini, University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA  \nReceived: November 11, 2024  \nAccepted: April 28, 2025  \nPublished: May 21, 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 Dinkel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  \nData availability statement: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.  \nFunding: HD received funding for this project. Grant number P20GM103499 . SC INBRE (NIH/ NIGMS) is the funder. [https://www.nigms.nih](https://www.nigms.nih). gov/Research/DRCB/IDeA/Pages/INBRE.aspx  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  \nCollagen architecture in triple negative breast cancer  \nZoë Dinkel1, Adam Baker1, Alannah Akins1, Kylie L. King1, Matthew Harrington1, Deborah Kunkel2, Zhi Gao1, Tong Ye1, Heather Dunn1*  \n1 Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America, 2 School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America  \n* [walker@clemson.edu](walker@clemson.edu)  \nAbstract  \nThis study evaluated collagen properties in TNBC samples collected from different racial groups to determine the presence of variance in matrix architecture. African American (AA) breast cancer patients have a significantly higher mortality rate and nearly a three-fold increased prevalence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) when compared to Caucasian (C) patients. The extracellular matrix region surrounding tumors contains abundant collagen fibers, and these fibers undergo remodeling throughout cancer progression, promote metastasis, and impede treatment response. High mammographic density, commonly known as dense breast tissue, is hypothesized to be more prevalent in AA women and characterized by increased collagen deposition and associated with more aggressive cancers. The aim of this research was to investigate fibrillar collagen architecture in TNBC samples from AA and C patients using two-photon microscopy with second harmonic generation (SHG), an intrinsic optical signal produced by fibrillar collagen. Twenty tissue regions per tumor sample were randomly selected for SHG microscopy, and image processing was conducted using the Fiji macro TWOMBLI to quantify mesoscopic fibrillar morphological properties and nanoscopic fibrillar properties with the Forward-Backward SHG ratio. Compared to the images from C tumor samples, those from AA samples exhibited a significant increase in parameters including fiber area, total length, and number of endpoints and branchpoints, but had decreased lacunarity. Collagen microstructure, including fibril arrangement and packing density, did not significantly differ between the groups. These results illustrate that the TNBC samples analyzed from AA patients may have macrostructural collagen characteristics associated with aggressive phenotype tumor formation.  \n1. Introduction  \nOne in eight women will develop invasive breast cancer (BC) during her lifetime, making this disease the most prevalent female cancer and the second leading  \nPLOS One | [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324655](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324655) May 21, 2025 1 / 15  \nThe sponsors/funders did not play any role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.  \nCompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.  \ncause of cancer death across women in the U.S. [ 1 ,2] . Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the ","cbCaicjNUqpUdswU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicjNUqpUdswU","pdf",1118195,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main goal of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To assess collagen properties in TNBC samples from different racial groups and determine whether matrix architecture varies between groups.\"},{\"question\":\"How were collagen properties measured in the research?\",\"answer\":\"Fibrillar collagen architecture was analyzed using two-photon microscopy with second harmonic generation (SHG), with image processing in Fiji macro TWOMBLI to quantify morphological and nanoscopic properties.\"},{\"question\":\"What differences did the study find between AA and Caucasian samples?\",\"answer\":\"Compared with Caucasian tumor images, AA samples showed significant increases in fiber area, total length, endpoints, and branchpoints, along with decreased lacunarity.\"}]","Collagen architecture in triple negative breast cancer | PDF",1790161263,38]