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It analyzes interaction patterns and collaboration-related behaviors, contrasting multimodal digital writing with tools such as online text-chat systems. Findings highlight mixed-interaction and dominant-passive patterns, with increased interaction after switching from LINE to Google Docs. The study examines writing change functions and revisions in jointly constructed texts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/collaborative-writing-on-google-docs-participation-behaviors-and-writing-trajectories-with-real-work-online-tasks/590061/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/collaborative-writing-on-google-docs-participation-behaviors-and-writing-trajectories-with-real-work-online-tasks/590061.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What tools and environment are used in the study’s collaborative writing task?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses Google Docs for synchronous collaborative writing, and it compares communication patterns with online text-chat systems including LINE.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What interaction patterns and collaboration-related behaviors does the focus group show?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The focus group shows a mixed-interaction pattern, collaborative patterns in two online text-chat systems, and a more dominant-passive pattern during co-constructing the text.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What changes occur when switching communication modes from LINE to Google Docs?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Switching to the Google Docs chat-room leads to increased participants’ interaction and communication and appears to facilitate collaboration.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590061,1792161815,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Advances in Language and Literary Studies  \nISSN: 2203-4714  \n[www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au)  \n| Collaborative Writing on Google Docs: Taiwanese Students’Participation, Behaviors, and Writing Trajectories with Real-work Online Tasks\u003Cbr>Shu Fen Yeh*\u003Cbr>Cheng Shiu University, Taiwan\u003Cbr>Corresponding Author: Shu Fen Yeh, E-mail: [susanyeh@hotmail.com](susanyeh@hotmail.com) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| ARTICLE INFO | ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>In the past two decades, the growing rage of computer mediated environments (CMC) affords new literacies and new opportunities for language learners to experience, construct, communicate, and access knowledge (Ware, Kern & Warschauer, 2016). Also, it suggests that writing in multimodal in the digital ear contributes to its production and interpretation (Canagarajah, 2013) and can be particularly beneficial for L2 learners’ writing practices (Elola & Oskoz, 2010) such as writing quality (Stroch, 2005), writing fluency (Bloch, 2007), academic voices (Sperling & Appleman, 2011) and a sense of audience (Sun & Chang, 2012) . Google Docs and online text-chat systems are prominent collaborative tools for group writing, and the result shows that the focus group displayed a mixed-interaction pattern, a collaborative pattern in two online text-chat systems, and a more dominant-passive pattern while co-constructing the text. They study also explored that changing the mode of communication from Line to Google Docs chat-room appears to have led to an increase in the participants’ interaction and communication and seems to have facilitated collaboration. Participants make a significant contribution of two types of writing changing functions, adding and correcting in the text and make revisions to their text. |\n| Article history\u003Cbr>Received: February 13, 2021\u003Cbr>Accepted: April 10, 2021\u003Cbr>Published: June 30, 2021\u003Cbr>Volume: 12 Issue: 3\u003Cbr>Advance access: June 2021 |  |\n| Conflicts of interest: None\u003Cbr>Funding: None |  |\n| Key words:\u003Cbr>Collaborative Writing, Second Language Writing, Collaborative Patterns, Writing Change Functions, Google Docs |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nCollaborative writing is on the increase and has become an instructional activity in higher education contexts. Students are expected to learn collaboratively in language learning contexts since collaborative activities are considered oneof the measures to reach the objective of communicative language learning and apply in cross-disciplinary or content knowledge learning (Hirvela, 2011) . With the growing awareness of beneficial collaborative work in the development of language skills or content knowledge, the wide range of language learning studies has been underpinned by the adoption of influential theoretical parts of second language acquisition or the sociocultural theoretical approach as a framework. Much research has been conducted to examine the role of language itself or learners’ motivation, negotiation, and interaction in the learning process and language learning contexts. From a sociocultural perspective, Vygotsky (1978) claimed that cognitive skill development through interacting with others, so the concept of scaffolding is particularly adopted as researchers attempt to explore learners’ interaction and collaborative processes.  \nTechnologies have transformed the ways learners experience, construct, communicate, and access knowledge  \n(Ware, Kern, & Warschauer, 2016) . Social technologies in Web.2.0 environments, such as wikis, chatrooms, and Google Docs, for communication and collaboration have been increasingly implemented in language learning classes and have brought renewed attention to L2 collaborative writing (Elola & Oskoz, 2010; Kessler & Bikowski, 2010; Estaji & Salimi, 2018) . Some researchers have also suggested that multimodal writing in the digital era contributes to its production and interpretation (e.g., Canagarajah, 2013; Elola and Oskoz, 2010) and can be particularly beneficial for L2 learners (e.g., Storch, 2005; Bloch, 2","cbCaiazPUaJWB2gW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiazPUaJWB2gW","pdf",374353,"English","# Introduction\n## Collaborative writing and sociocultural foundations\n## Role of digital technologies and multimodal writing\n# Literature Review\n## Technology in Foreign Language Writing","[{\"question\":\"What tools and environment are used in the study’s collaborative writing task?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses Google Docs for synchronous collaborative writing, and it compares communication patterns with online text-chat systems including LINE.\"},{\"question\":\"What interaction patterns and collaboration-related behaviors does the focus group show?\",\"answer\":\"The focus group shows a mixed-interaction pattern, collaborative patterns in two online text-chat systems, and a more dominant-passive pattern during co-constructing the text.\"},{\"question\":\"What changes occur when switching communication modes from LINE to Google Docs?\",\"answer\":\"Switching to the Google Docs chat-room leads to increased participants’ interaction and communication and appears to facilitate collaboration.\"}]","Collaborative Writing on Google Docs - Participation, Behaviors, and Writing Trajectories with Real-work Online Tasks | PDF",1792068708,23]