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It explains how flowcharts precisely describe algorithms via operations, decisions, and sequencing arrows, including default top-to-bottom and left-to-right flow, as well as iteration using loop-back with decision-controlled termination. It then presents finite state machines through state graphs and Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) charts, detailing ASM blocks, state/decision/conditional box roles, and how ASM charts capture precise timing and can be converted to and from state diagrams, enabling derivation of control and architecture.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/coen-4720-embedded-systems-design-lecture-2-flowcharts-algorithmic-state-machines/657280/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/coen-4720-embedded-systems-design-lecture-2-flowcharts-algorithmic-state-machines/657280.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"asba","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are the main symbols used in flowcharts and what do they represent?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Flowcharts use an operation box for tasks, a decision box for alternative actions based on a decision, and arrows to show sequencing. These symbols structure the algorithm description clearly.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does a flowchart represent iteration and loop termination?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Iteration is implemented through loop-back in the flowchart. The decision box is used to determine when to terminate the loop.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is an Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) chart and how does it differ from a standard flowchart?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"An ASM chart is a high-level flowchart-like notation made of a network of ASM blocks. It uses state, decision, and conditional boxes and includes exact timing information, whereas flowcharts typically impose only a relative timing order.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},657280,1793030557,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},3985747872567,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","COEN-4720 Embedded Systems Design   \nLecture 2  \nFlowcharts, Algorithmic State Machines  \nCristinel Ababei  \nDept. of Electrical and Computer Engr., Marquette University  \nA. Flowcharts  \nFlowcharts  \n􀂃 Flowcharts: a tool for precise description of algorithms/procedures.  \n􀂃 Specify tasks to perform and their sequencing.  \n􀂃 Main symbols:  \n1. Operation box: contains tasks/operations to perform.  \n2. Decision box: alternative actions based on decisions to be taken.  \n3. Arrows: indicate appropriate sequencing.  \n1. Operation Box  \n􀂃 An operation box is rectangular in shape, and is used to specify one or more subtasks to be performed. It has at most one entry point and one exit point.  \nSub-task or operation to perform  \n| 2. Decision Box |\n| --- |\n| 􀂃 A decision box is diamond-shaped. It has one entry point and multiple (but mutually exclusive) exit points. |\n| \u003Cbr>option C |\n\n3. Arrows  \n􀂃 Sequential flow: simplest type of sequencing; tasks are done in sequential order.  \n􀂃 An example: Eating a 3-course meal.  \nDrink? soup  \nMain course  \nEat dessert  \n􀂙 Boxes are connected by lines with arrows. Lines without arrows are sometimes used. In the absence of arrows, the default flow direction is top-to-bottom and left-toright.  \nFlowcharts  \n􀂃 Iteration: some tasks/operations may be repeatedly/iteratively done.  \n􀂃 This is achieved through the loop-back in the flowchart.  \n􀂃 Decision box is used to determine when to terminate the loop.  \nFlowcharts  \n􀂃 An example: meal in a different (buffet?) style.  \nEat dessert  \n\n| Flowcharts |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 􀂃 Flowchartscan be used to implement complex decisions 􀀭 . | |\n\n\n| Flowcharts |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 􀂃 You can use flowchartseven for the software development process itself! | |\n\n\n| Flowcharts: more examples |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 􀂃 LED on for 1 second as response to aswitch event. | |\n\n\n| Flowcharts: more examples |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 􀂃 Sometimes Start and End are included inside ovals too. | |\n\n\n| Flowcharts: more examples |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 􀂃 Additional blocks aside from rectangles, diamonds, and ovals. | |\n\nB. Finite State Machines (FSMs)  \n1. State Graphs: general form  \n2. Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) charts  \nState Graph 􀃅􀃆 ASM chart  \n􀂃 State graph (or state diagram):  \n• Nodes: unique states of the FSM  \n• Transitional arcs: labeled with the condition that causes the transition  \n􀂃 Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) chart is an alternative representation  \n• Composed of a network of ASM blocks  \n• ASM block:  \n􀂃 State box: represents a state in the FSM  \n􀂃 Optional network of decision boxes and conditional output boxes  \n􀂃 A state diagram can be converted to an ASM chart and vice-versa  \nASM Charts  \n􀂃 Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) Chart is a popular high-level flowchart-like graphical model (or notation) to specify the (hardware) algorithms in digital systems.  \n􀂃 Major differences from flowcharts are:  \n􀂙 uses 3 types of boxes: state box (similar to operation box), decision box, and conditional box  \n􀂙 contains exact (or precise) timing information; flowcharts impose a relative timing order for the operations.  \n􀂃 From the ASM chart it is possible to obtain  \n􀂙 the control  \n􀂙 the architecture (data processor)  \nComponents ofASM Charts  \n􀂃 The state box is rectangular in shape. It has at most one entry point and one exit point and is used to specify one or more operations which could be simultaneously completed in one clock cycle.  \nbinary  \nstate code  \none or more operations  \n| Components ofASM Charts |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 􀂃 The decision box is diamond in shape. It has one entry point but multiple exit points and is used to specify a number of alternative paths that can be followed. |  |\n| | |\n\nComponents ofASM Charts  \n􀂃 The conditional box is represented by a rectangle with rounded corners. It always follows a decision box and contains one or more conditional operations that are only invoked when the path containing the conditional box is selected by the decision box. ","cbCaifCngeIU1PwV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifCngeIU1PwV","pdf",439179,16,"English","# Flowcharts\n## Flowchart symbols and basic sequencing\n## Arrows, default direction, and iteration\n# Finite State Machines (FSMs)\n## State graphs and ASM charts\n## ASM block components and timing differences","[{\"question\":\"What are the main symbols used in flowcharts and what do they represent?\",\"answer\":\"Flowcharts use an operation box for tasks, a decision box for alternative actions based on a decision, and arrows to show sequencing. These symbols structure the algorithm description clearly.\"},{\"question\":\"How does a flowchart represent iteration and loop termination?\",\"answer\":\"Iteration is implemented through loop-back in the flowchart. The decision box is used to determine when to terminate the loop.\"},{\"question\":\"What is an Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) chart and how does it differ from a standard flowchart?\",\"answer\":\"An ASM chart is a high-level flowchart-like notation made of a network of ASM blocks. It uses state, decision, and conditional boxes and includes exact timing information, whereas flowcharts typically impose only a relative timing order.\"}]","COEN-4720 Embedded Systems Design - Lecture 2 - Flowcharts, Algorithmic State Machines | PDF",1792976871]