[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-115356-en":3,"doc-seo-115356-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},115356,962084925782,"Ava Thompson","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc",8,"Research & Report","CODE NAME MULBERRY - The Planning-Building & Operation of the Normandy Harbours","Code Name Mulberry charts the planning, construction, assembly, and operational use of the Normandy harbours, focusing on how Allied engineers and military authorities created artificial port facilities for rapid D-Day logistics. The narrative tracks decision-making between the Admiralty and War Office, the design and testing of piers and pierheads, the creation of sheltered water, and the role of blockships, caissons, and Bombardons. It also details towing, mooring, assembly in France, and the challenges faced during installation under enemy action and severe weather conditions.","[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nCODE NAME MULBERRY  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nCODE NAME MULBERRY  \nTHE PLANNING-BUILDING & OPERATION OF THE NORMANDY HARBOURS  \nGUY HARTCUP  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nBy the same author  \nThe Achievement of the Airship: A History of the Development of Rigid,  \nSemi-rigid and Non-rigid Airships  \nThe Origins and Development of Operational Research in the RAF Camouflage: A History of Concealment and Deception in War Cockcroft and the Atom (with T E Allibone) The War of Invention: Scientific Developments, 1914-18 The Silent Revolution: Development of Conventional Weapons, 1945-85 The Effect of Science on the Second World War  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nTo  \nJustin and Ellen  \nThe story of a venture in which the imagination, invention and engineering skill of the British were seen at their best.  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nFirst published in Great Britain in 1977 by David & Charles (Publishers) Limited, Newton Abbott, Devon  \nPublished in this format in 2006  \nand reprinted in 2011 & 2014 by  \nPEN & SWORD MILITARY  \nAn imprint of  \nPen & Sword Books Ltd  \n47 Church Street  \nBarnsley, South Yorkshire  \nS70 2AS  \nCopyright © Guy Hartcup, 1977, 2006, 2011, 2014  \nISBN 978 1 84884 558 9  \neISBN 978 1 78303 615 8  \nMobi ISBN 978 1 78303 614 1  \nThe right of Guy Hartcup to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.  \nA CIP catalogue record for this book is  \navailable from the British Library  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.  \nPen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the Imprints of Aviation, Atlas, Family History, Fiction, Maritime, Military, Discovery, Politics, History, Archaeology, Select, Wharncliffe Local History, Wharncliffe True Crime, Military Classics, Wharncliffe Transport, Leo Cooper, The Praetorian Press, Remember When, Seaforth Publishing and Frontline Publishing  \nFor a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED  \n47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England E-mail: [email protected]  \n[Website: ](Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk)[www.pen-and-sword.co.uk](Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk)  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nContents  \nGlossary Introduction  \n1 Concept and Command  \nAbility of Admiralty and War Office to deal with port construction—Need for artificial harbours—Decisions taken at Quebec and Washington—Allocation of responsibilities for construction of components and installation off French coast  \n2 Piers and Pierheads  \nDevelopment of floating pier and pierhead—Choice of War Office scheme from three proposals—Tests at Garlieston—Development of LST pierhead and subsidiary equipment  \n3 The Need for Sheltered Water  \nProposals for bubble and floating breakwaters—Development of concrete caissons  \n4 Blockships  \nNeed to provide instant sheltered water for light craft from D-Day onward—Responsibilities for provision and fitting out  \n5 Construction and Assembly of Components Manpower and material—Assembly of floats, spans and pierheads—Caisson building—  \nConstruction of Bombardons  \n6 Towing, Parking and Mooring  \nProvision of tugs—Parking and raising of caissons—Inadequate pumping equipment—Bombardon trials  \n7 Building Mulberries and Sinking Gooseberries  \nArrival of port construction forces in France—Survey of harbour sites—Sinking of blockships—Mooring of Bombardons and placing of caissons—Installation of piers—Enemy mining operations—Discharge of cargo up to storm  \n8 The Storm","cbCaioGWjtIUX89k","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioGWjtIUX89k","pdf",3991771,4,1,195,"English","en",105,"# Contents\n## Glossary\n## Introduction\n## 1 Concept and Command\n## 2 Piers and Pierheads\n## 3 The Need for Sheltered Water\n## 4 Blockships\n## 5 Construction and Assembly of Components\n## 6 Towing, Parking and Mooring\n## 7 Building Mulberries and Sinking Gooseberries\n## 8 The Storm","[{\"question\":\"What responsibilities and decisions shaped the concept of the Normandy harbours?\",\"answer\":\"The introduction and early chapter outline how the Admiralty and War Office addressed port construction needs, including decisions taken at Quebec and Washington and how responsibilities were allocated for components and installation off the French coast.\"},{\"question\":\"How were sheltered waters created for small craft during the campaign?\",\"answer\":\"The book covers proposals for bubble and floating breakwaters and the development of concrete caissons, explaining how sheltered water was engineered to support operations.\"},{\"question\":\"What key stages are involved in building and deploying the harbour elements in France?\",\"answer\":\"The contents describe construction and assembly of components, towing/parking/mooring, building Mulberries, sinking Gooseberries, surveying harbour sites, installing piers, and managing enemy mining threats and cargo discharge up to storm conditions.\"}]","CODE NAME MULBERRY - 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