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This work tests whether argumentation features extracted from a coarse-grained argumentative structure can predict essay quality scores. The study proposes features based on argument components (e.g., numbers of claims and premises), argument relations (e.g., supported claims counts), and structure typology (chains, trees). Results show strong prediction of human scores for TOEFL essays using both manual and automatically predicted structures.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/coarse-grained-argumentation-features-for-scoring-persuasive-essays/488130/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/coarse-grained-argumentation-features-for-scoring-persuasive-essays/488130.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"MrHarris58","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-11","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main goal of this paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To determine whether argumentation features derived from a coarse-grained argumentative structure can predict persuasive essay scores.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What types of argumentation features are introduced?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Features are defined for argument components (claims and premises), argument relations (such as supported claims), and the typology of argumentative structure (chains and trees).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How is the approach evaluated for TOEFL essays?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The features predict human scores on TOEFL essay datasets using both manually annotated and automatically predicted argumentative structures.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},488130,1791100481,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},687212988360,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Coarse-grained Argumentation Features for Scoring Persuasive Essays  \nDebanjan Ghoshx, Aquila Khanamy, Yubo Hany and Smaranda Muresanzx School of Communication and Information, Rutgers University, NJ, USAyDepartment of Computer Science, Columbia University, NY, USA z Center for Computational Learning Systems, Columbia University, NY, USA [debanjan.ghosh@rutgers.edu](debanjan.ghosh@rutgers.edu) , fak3654,yh2635,smara@columbia.edug  \nAbstract  \nScoring the quality of persuasive essays is an important goal of discourse analysis, addressed most recently with highlevel persuasion-related features such as thesis clarity, or opinions and their targets. We investigate whether argumentation features derived from a coarse-grained argumentative structure of essays can help predict essays scores. We introduce a set of argumentation features related to argument components (e.g., the number of claims and premises), argument relations (e.g., the number of supported claims) and typology of argumentative structure (chains, trees) . We show that these features are good predictors of human scores for TOEFL essays, both when the coarsegrained argumentative structure is manually annotated and automatically predicted.  \n1 Introduction  \nPersuasive essays are frequently used to assess students' understanding of subject matter and to evaluate their argumentation skills and language proficiency. For instance, the prompt for a TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) persuasive writing task is:  \nDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to have broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to specialize in one specific subject. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.  \nAutomatic essay scoring systems generally use features based on grammar usage, spelling, style, and content (e.g., topics, discourse) (Attali and Burstein, 2006; Burstein, 2003) . However, recent  \nwork has begun to explore the impact of highlevel persuasion-related features, such as opinions and their targets, thesis clarity and argumentation schemes (Farra et al., 2015; Song et al., 2014; Ong et al., 2014; Persing and Ng, 2015) . In this paper, we investigate whether argumentation features derived from a coarse-grained, general argumentative structure of essays are good predictors of holistic essay scores. We use the argumentative structure proposed by Stab and Gurevych (2014a): argument components (major claims, claims, premises) and argument relations (support, attack) . Figure 1(i) shows an extract from an essay written in response to the above prompt, labeled with a claim and two premises. The advantage of having a simple annotation scheme is two-fold: it allows for more reliable human annotations and it enables better performance for argumentation mining systems designed to automatically identify the argumentative structure (Stab and Gurevych, 2014b) .  \nThe paper has two main contributions. First, we introduce a set of argumentation features related to three main dimensions of argumentative structure: 1) features related to argument components such as the number of claims in an essay, number of premises, fraction of sentences containing argument components; 2) features related to argument relations such as the number and percentage of supported and unsupported claims; and 3) features related to the typology of argumentative structure such as number of chains (see Figure 1(ii) for and example of chain) and trees (Section 3) . On a dataset of 107 TOEFL essays manually annotated with the argumentative structure proposed by Stab and Gurevych (2014a) (Section 2), we show that using all the argumentation features predicts essay scores that are highly correlated with human scores (Section 3) . We discuss what features are correlated with high scoring es-  \n549  \nProceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 549–554, Berlin, Germany, August 7-12, 2016 . 􀀍c2016 Association for Computational Li","cbCaib7mfck5j2WW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib7mfck5j2WW","pdf",219452,"English","# Introduction\n# Data and Annotation","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of this paper?\",\"answer\":\"To determine whether argumentation features derived from a coarse-grained argumentative structure can predict persuasive essay scores.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of argumentation features are introduced?\",\"answer\":\"Features are defined for argument components (claims and premises), argument relations (such as supported claims), and the typology of argumentative structure (chains and trees).\"},{\"question\":\"How is the approach evaluated for TOEFL essays?\",\"answer\":\"The features predict human scores on TOEFL essay datasets using both manually annotated and automatically predicted argumentative structures.\"}]","Coarse-grained Argumentation Features for Scoring Persuasive Essays | PDF",1790810493,15]