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Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1998;64;588-594  \ndoi:10.1136/jnnp.64.5.588  \n\n| Updated information and services can be found at:\u003Cbr>[http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/64/5/588](http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/64/5/588) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| References | These include:\u003Cbr>This article cites 32 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free at:\u003Cbr>[http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/64/5/588\\#BIBL](http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/64/5/588#BIBL) |\n| Rapid responses | 38 online articles that cite this article can be accessed at:\u003Cbr>[http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/64/5/588\\#otherarticles](http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/64/5/588#otherarticles)\u003Cbr>You can respond to this article at:\u003Cbr>[http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/64/5/588](http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/64/5/588) |\n| Email alerting service | Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article-sign up in the box at the top right corner of the article |\n| Topic collections | Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections\u003Cbr>Memory disorders (neurology) (1681 articles)\u003Cbr>Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric) (3491 articles)\u003Cbr>Memory disorders (psychiatry) (2034 articles)\u003Cbr>Psychiatry of old age (624 articles) |\n| Notes |  |\n\nTo order reprints of this article go to:  \n[http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform](http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform)  \nTo subscribe to Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry go to:  \n[http://journals.bmj.com/subscriptions/](http://journals.bmj.com/subscriptions/)  \nDownloaded from [jnnp.bmj.com](jnnp.bmj.com) on 23 June 2009  \n588 JNeurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:588–594  \nCLOX: an executive clock drawing task  \nDonald R Royall, JeVrey A Cordes, Marsha Polk  \nDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA  \nD R Royall JeVrey A Cordes Marsha Polk  \nDepartment of Medicine, South Texas Veterans’ Health System, Audie L Murphy Division, Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC)  \nD R Royall  \nDivision of Clinical Pharmacology  \nD R Royall  \nCorrespondence to: Associate Professor  \nD R Royall, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284–7792, USA. Telephone 001 210 567 8545; fax 001 210 567 8509; email: [royall@uthscsa.edu](royall@uthscsa.edu)  \nReceived 11 April 1997 and in revised form 29 July 1997 Accepted 3 October 1997  \nAbstract  \nObjective—To describe a clock drawing task (CLOX) designed to elicit executive impairment and discriminate it from non-executive constructional failure. Subjects—90 elderly subjects were studied (45 elderly and well persons from the independent living apartments of a continuing care retirement community and 45 patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease) . The clock drawing performance of elderly patients was compared with that of 62 young adult controls. Methods—Subjects received the CLOX, an executive test (EXIT25), and the mini mental state examination (MMSE) . The CLOX is divided into an unprompted task that is sensitive to executive control (CLOX1) and a copied version that is not (CLOX2) . Between rater reliability (27 subjects) was high for both subtests. Results—In elderly subjects, CLOX subscores correlated strongly with cognitive severity (CLOX1: r=−0.83 v the EXIT25; CLOX2: r=0.85 v theMMSE) . EXIT25 and MMSE scores predicted CLOX1 scores independently of age or education (F(4,82)=50.7, p\u003C0.001; R2=0.71) . The EXIT25 accounted for 68% of CLOX1 variance. Only the MMSE significantly contributed to CLOX2 scores (F(4,72)= 57.2, p\u003C0.001; R2=0.74) . CLOX subscales discriminated between patients with Alzheimer’s disease and elderly controls (83.1% of cases correctly classified; Wilkes’ lambda=0.48, p\u003C0.001), and between Alzheimer’s disease subgroup","cbCaiaouNJ01spda","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaouNJ01spda","pdf",257437,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Interest and screening value of clock drawing tests\n## Conceptual limitations of CDT as purely visuospatial\n## Practical limitations from rating consensus","[{\"question\":\"What is CLOX designed to measure?\",\"answer\":\"CLOX is designed to elicit executive impairment and discriminate it from non-executive constructional failure.\"},{\"question\":\"How is CLOX structured?\",\"answer\":\"CLOX includes an unprompted executive-sensitive task (CLOX1) and a copied version that is not (CLOX2).\"},{\"question\":\"What performance measures relate CLOX results to cognitive severity and diagnosis?\",\"answer\":\"CLOX subscores correlate with cognitive severity, and CLOX subscales discriminate Alzheimer’s disease from elderly controls and between Alzheimer’s subgroups with and without constructional impairment.\"}]","CLOX: an executive clock drawing task | PDF",1792793627]