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This study evaluates the chemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotective effects of clove essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation on SH-SY5Y cells using 6-OHDA as an oxidative DNA damage inducer. Antioxidant activity was verified by DPPH radical scavenging and iron chelation, while CEO pretreatment reduced 6-OHDA-induced oxidative DNA damage and restored key antioxidant enzyme gene and protein expression (GPx1, GPx4, SOD1, CAT), supporting its therapeutic potential.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/clove-essential-oil-enhances-antioxidant-defenses-and-reduces-dna-damage-in-a-cellular-model-of-parkinsons-disease/438144/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/clove-essential-oil-enhances-antioxidant-defenses-and-reduces-dna-damage-in-a-cellular-model-of-parkinsons-disease/438144.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"jayni","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the main focus of this research on clove essential oil?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study examines the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and protective effects of clove essential oil against oxidative stress and DNA damage in a cellular Parkinson’s disease model.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were the antioxidant properties of clove essential oil assessed?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Antioxidant capacity was confirmed using DPPH radical scavenging and iron chelation assays.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does clove essential oil affect 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"CEO pretreatment significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced oxidative DNA damage and restored gene and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes including GPx1, GPx4, SOD1, and CAT.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},438144,1790742339,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},3985747859343,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Wiley  \nParkinson’s Disease  \nVolume 2025, Article ID 4243787, 12 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/padi/4243787](https://doi.org/10.1155/padi/4243787)  \nResearch Article  \nClove Essential Oil Enhances Antioxidant Defenses and Reduces DNA Damage in a Cellular Model of Parkinson’s Disease  \nDhouha Hamdi , 1,2 Omar Ouachik,2 Ayhan Kocer,3 Lemlih Ouchchane,4  \nChokri Messaoud, 1 and Aziz Hafdi 2  \n1 Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Valorization of Medicinal Phyto Resources,  \nUniversity of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology UR17ES22, Tunis, Tunisia  \n2 Institut Pascal, ICCN, TGI, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France  \n3 GReD, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France  \n4 CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Universit ´e Clermont Auvergne,  \nUnit´e de Biostatistique-informatique M´edicale 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France  \nCorrespondence should be addressed to Dhouha Hamdi; [hamdihamdidhoha@yahoo.fr](hamdihamdidhoha@yahoo.fr) and Aziz Hafdi; [aziz.hafdi@uca.fr](aziz.hafdi@uca.fr)  \nReceived 4 September 2025; Revised 22 October 2025; Accepted 13 November 2025  \nAcademic Editor: Cristine Alves da Costa  \nCopyright © 2025 Dhouha Hamdi et al. Parkinson’s Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Tis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nOxidative stress is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, promoting neuronal degeneration through the production of excessive reactive oxygen species. In this context, natural products such as essential oils are attracting increasing attention for their potential to protect neurons. Clove essential oil (CEO), which is extracted from the fower buds of the plant Syzygium aromaticum, is renowned for its antioxidant activity. Tis study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and protective efects of CEO on SH-SY5Y cells, which are used as a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease. Te CEO was obtained by hydrodistillation (yield: 15%) and is primarily composed of eugenol (84.49%) and acetyl-eugenol (10.05%) . Its antioxidant activity was confrmed via DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 􀂈 0.081 ± 0.001 mg/mL) and iron chelation (110.32 ± 0.67 mg EDTA equivalent/g essential oil (EO)) . qRT-PCR, Western blot, and slot blot techniques demonstrated that CEO pretreatment at concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mL signifcantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced oxidative DNA damage and restored the gene and protein expression of key antioxidant enzymes (GPx1, GPx4, SOD1, and CAT) . Tese results highlight the powerful antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of CEO, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders related to oxidative stress, such as Parkinson’s disease.  \nKeywords: 6-OHDA; antioxidant; CAT; DNA damage; GPx1; GPx4; neuroprotection; SOD1  \nHighlights  \n• Clove essential oil (CEO) extracted from Syzygium aromaticum fower buds demonstrates signifcant antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.  \n• CEO is primarily composed of 84.488% eugenol (EG) and 10.05% acetyl-EG, contributing to its bioactive profle.  \n• Te antioxidant capacity of CEO was confrmed through DPPH free radical scavenging and iron chelation assays, showing strong efcacy.  \n2 Parkinson’s Disease  \n• CEO pretreatment in SH-SY5Y cells signifcantly protected against oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA neurotoxin.  \n• CEO reduced oxidative DNA damage and restored the expression of key antioxidant enzymes (GPx1, GPx4, SOD1, CAT) .  \n• Te study suggests CEO as a promising therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease.  \n1. Introduction  \nOxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a cell’s antioxidant defenses. Although ROS are a natural","cbCaig4bGnJhbfnH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig4bGnJhbfnH","pdf",731534,"English","# Introduction\n## Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in Parkinson’s disease\n# Materials and Methods\n## CEO extraction and chemical composition analysis\n## Antioxidant assays (DPPH, iron chelation)\n## Cellular model and treatment (SH-SY5Y, 6-OHDA, CEO pretreatment)\n# Results\n## CEO composition and antioxidant activity\n## Effects on oxidative DNA damage\n## Restoration of antioxidant enzyme expression\n# Conclusion\n## Neuroprotective potential of clove essential oil","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of this research on clove essential oil?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and protective effects of clove essential oil against oxidative stress and DNA damage in a cellular Parkinson’s disease model.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the antioxidant properties of clove essential oil assessed?\",\"answer\":\"Antioxidant capacity was confirmed using DPPH radical scavenging and iron chelation assays.\"},{\"question\":\"How does clove essential oil affect 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells?\",\"answer\":\"CEO pretreatment significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced oxidative DNA damage and restored gene and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes including GPx1, GPx4, SOD1, and CAT.\"}]","Clove Essential Oil Enhances Antioxidant Defenses and Reduces DNA Damage in a Cellular Model of Parkinson’s Disease | PDF",1790684384]