[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-217623-en":3,"doc-seo-217623-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":97},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},217623,3573418547284,"Graffin","https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d",8,"Research & Report","Clinical validation of the Unesp-Botucatu acute pain scale in sheep undergoing orthopedic surgery","Unesp-Botucatu sheep acute pain scale (USAPS) was validated to assess postoperative abdominal pain in sheep receiving orthopedic surgery. The study evaluated clinical applicability and psychometric performance of USAPS through video recordings from 23 healthy sheep, captured before surgery, after postoperative analgesic rescue, and 24 hours post-surgery. Multiple blinded evaluators scored randomized videos twice, and reliability, validity, responsiveness, and diagnostic accuracy were quantified.","OPEN ACCESS  \nCitation: da Silva NE de OF, Trindade PHE, da Silva GV, de Oliveira FA, Taffarel MO, de Lima MT, et al. (2025) Clinical validation of the Unesp-Botucatu acute pain scale in sheep undergoing orthopedic surgery. PLoS One 20(5): e0323132. [https://doi.org/10.1371/](https://doi.org/10.1371/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.1371/)[journal.pone.0323132](journal.pone.0323132)  \nEditor: Kazumasu Sasaki, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, JAPAN  \nReceived: September 20, 2024  \nAccepted: April 2, 2025  \nPublished: May 12, 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 da Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  \nData availability statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting  Information files.  \nFunding: This research was funded by Brazil’s National Council for Scientific and  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  \nClinical validation of the Unesp-Botucatu acute pain scale in sheep undergoing orthopedic surgery  \nNuno Emanuel de Oliveira Figueiredo da Silva1, Pedro Henrique Esteves Trindade2,3*, Gustavo Venâncio da Silva3, Flávia Augusta de Oliveira4, Marilda Onghero Taffarel5, Mayara Travalini de Lima3, Rubia Mitalli Tomacheuski1,6, Gustavo dos Santos Rosa1, Ana Liz Garcia Alves1, Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna1  \n1 Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil, 2 Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America, 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 4 University Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil, 5 Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Maringá, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil, 6 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America  \n* [trindad4@msu.edu](trindad4@msu.edu), [pedro.trindade@unesp.br](pedro.trindade@unesp.br)  \nAbstract  \nUnesp-Botucatu sheep acute pain scale (USAPS) was validated for assessing postoperative abdominal pain. We aimed to investigate the clinical applicability and test the psychometric properties of USAPS to assess postoperative pain in sheep submitted to orthopedic surgery. Twenty-three healthy sheep undergoing patellofemoral joint arthrotomy were video-recorded for three minutes before and after surgery, after postoperative analgesic rescue, and 24 hours post-surgery. Four evaluators, unaware of the recording time points, randomly assessed all videos twice at onemonth intervals. Intra-observer reliability based on the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was very good for all evaluators (ICC: 0.82–0.93) . Inter-observer reliability was very good for four of six pairs of evaluators (ICC: 0.84–0.9) and good for two (ICC: 0.77 and 0.80) . Principal component analyses and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the USAPS´s unidimensional structure. The concurrent criterion validity had a strong Spearman correlation (rho: 0.80) between the USAPS and the Visual Analogue Scale. Responsiveness was evidenced by the highest USAPS total score 2 and 24 hours after surgery, and intermediate scores after analgesic rescue. USAPS items had an acceptable Spearman item-total correlation (rho: 0.38–0.64), except appetite (rho: 0.25) . Internal consistency was excellent according to Cronbach’s alpha (α: 0.84) and acceptable according to McDonald’s omega coefficients (ω: 0.75) . Specificity was 100% and sensitivity was 71% . USAPS cut-off point was ≥4 of 10, ","cbCaiajkzrlCET7w","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiajkzrlCET7w","pdf",1497779,1,22,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the Unesp-Botucatu acute pain scale (USAPS) used for in this study?\",\"answer\":\"USAPS was assessed as a tool to evaluate postoperative pain in sheep undergoing orthopedic surgery, focusing on its clinical applicability and psychometric performance.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the USAPS clinical applicability and reliability tested?\",\"answer\":\"Twenty-three sheep were video-recorded at defined time points around surgery, and four blinded evaluators scored all videos twice with randomization and one-month intervals to measure intra- and inter-observer reliability.\"},{\"question\":\"Which psychometric properties and validity measures were reported for USAPS?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis included intra- and inter-observer reliability (using ICC), unidimensionality via principal component and confirmatory factor analyses, concurrent criterion validity with a strong Spearman correlation to the Visual Analogue Scale, and diagnostic performance using a specified cut-off point.\"}]","Clinical validation of the Unesp-Botucatu acute pain scale in sheep undergoing orthopedic surgery | 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