[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-81988-en":3,"doc-seo-81988-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},81988,687197207639,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Clinical Translation of Brain-Computer Interface in China","Neurological injury affects hundreds of millions worldwide, yet motor and communication loss from stroke, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative disease is often irreversible with current therapies. Brain–computer interfaces translate neural activity into commands to control external devices. This work provides a quantitative landscape of China’s BCI translational ecosystem using investigator-initiated trials, ChiCTR-registered studies, and National Medical Products Administration approvals as of June 2026, identifying rapid post-2020 registration growth and clustered research centers alongside persistent barriers.","Clinical Translation of Brain-Computer Interface in China: A Landscape Analysis of Investigator-Initiated Trials, Registered Clinical Trials, and  \nRegulatory Approval  \nLong Chen\\#1, Wanyi Qing\\#1, Fa Lin2,3, Lifen Mo 1,4, Xiaoke Chai5, Wenting Li6, Zhijie Zhao7, Zhenhua Song8, Fengyan Liang* 1, Ming Yin* 1, Yi Yang*3,9, Jizong Zhao9  \n1State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan, China.  \n2Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China. 3China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.  \n4School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570000, Hainan, China. 5Brain Computer Interface Transitional Research Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.  \n6W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA 85287.  \n7Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.  \n8The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan University, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.  \n9Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.  \nCorrespondence to: Fengyan Liang ([fyliang@hainanu.edu.cn](fyliang@hainanu.edu.cn)), Ming Yin ([ming_yin@hainanu.edu.cn](ming_yin@hainanu.edu.cn)), Yi Yang  \n([yangyi_81nk@163.com](yangyi_81nk@163.com))  \nAbstract  \nNeurological injury affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, yet the loss of motor or communication functions resulting from stroke, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative disease remains largely irreversible with existing therapies. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) offer a promising pathway for restoring these functions by decoding neural activity into commands that control an external device. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of China’s BCI translational ecosystem, integrating evidence from three critical pillars: investigatorinitiated trials (IITs), registered clinical trials, and regulatory-approved products. We systematically analyzed 134 clinical trials from the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), 26 IITs, and five BCI-related products approved by the National Medical Products Administration as of June 2026. Results demonstrate that clinical trial registration has increased rapidly since 2020, with geographically clustered yet nationally distributed research centers concentrated primarily in Guangdong, Shanghai, and Jiangsu. Non-invasive systems predominated, accounting for 79.1% of registered studies, with stroke rehabilitation as the leading indication (65.0%) . As of June 2026, five BCI-related products received regulatory approvals, including the world ’s first approved semi-invasive implantable BCI, an invasive closed-loop deep brain stimulation system with real-time local field potential recording, and three non-invasive EEG-based rehabilitation systems. Collectively, these findings characterize a rapidly expanding BCI translational pipeline in China, spanning from early clinical research to regulatory approval. However, long-term implant stability, standardization of clinical infrastructure and workflows, and generalizability of decoding algorithms remain critical barriers to widespread clinical adoption. Addressing these challenges will be essential for integrating BCI technologies into routine clinical practice.  \nKeywords: brain-computer interface; neurorehabilitation; clinical trials; clinical translation; regulatory approval  \n1. Introduction  \nOver the past decade, brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies have shown substantial potential in rehabilitation and medical applications. By decoding neural activity in real time, BCIs enable direct communication between the brain and external devices, bypassing damaged neural","cbCainUDwlXlRErb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainUDwlXlRErb","pdf",956238,6,1,15,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Clinical trial registration and study distribution\n## BCI modalities and leading indications\n## Regulatory-approved BCI products\n## Key barriers to clinical adoption","[{\"question\":\"How does the document define and analyze China’s BCI translational ecosystem?\",\"answer\":\"It integrates three evidence pillars: investigator-initiated trials, registered clinical trials from the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), and BCI-related products approved by China’s National Medical Products Administration as of June 2026.\"},{\"question\":\"What trends are reported for registered BCI clinical trials in China?\",\"answer\":\"Clinical trial registration is reported to increase rapidly since 2020, with research centers that are geographically clustered while remaining nationally distributed.\"},{\"question\":\"Which BCI system types and clinical indications are most prevalent in the registered studies?\",\"answer\":\"Non-invasive systems predominate, accounting for 79.1% of registered studies, and stroke rehabilitation is listed as the leading indication at 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does the document define and analyze China’s BCI translational ecosystem?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It integrates three evidence pillars: investigator-initiated trials, registered clinical trials from the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), and BCI-related products approved by China’s National Medical Products Administration as of June 2026.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What trends are reported for registered BCI clinical trials in China?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Clinical trial registration is reported to increase rapidly since 2020, with research centers that are geographically clustered while remaining nationally distributed.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Which BCI system types and clinical indications are most prevalent in the registered studies?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Non-invasive systems predominate, accounting for 79.1% of registered studies, and stroke rehabilitation is listed as the leading indication at 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