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EVs can be isolated from blood, urine, semen, and other fluids. This review summarizes evidence for the predictive value of EVs in prostate and renal cancers, supporting their use in liquid biopsies to stratify high-risk disease, including CRPC, NEPC, and metastatic RCC, and outlines EV biogenesis, isolation, applications, and therapeutic targeting.",{"@graph":69,"@context":127},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/clinical-significance-of-extracellular-vesicles-in-prostate-and-renal-cancer/381742/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/clinical-significance-of-extracellular-vesicles-in-prostate-and-renal-cancer/381742.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"supergirl","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119,123],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What types of extracellular vesicles are covered in the review?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The review includes apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, as well as other extracellular vesicle and nanoparticle populations released by cells.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How are extracellular vesicles obtained for clinical use?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"They have been successfully isolated from liquid sources such as blood, urine, semen, and other body fluids, forming the basis for liquid-biopsy approaches.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What is the clinical significance of EVs in prostate and renal cancer?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"EVs are discussed for their predictive value in prostate and renal cancers, including stratifying high-risk disease and advanced stages such as castration-resistant (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), as well as metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).",{"name":124,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":125},"What aspects does the review cover beyond diagnostic prediction?",{"text":126,"@type":114},"It covers EV biogenesis and isolation methods, liquid-biopsy applications, and therapeutic targeting approaches in CRPC, NEPC, and RCC.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":129,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":131,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":133,"site_id":62},381742,1790663427,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":136},{"doc_id":133,"user_id":137,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":138,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":139,"file_id":140,"file_url":141,"file_type":142,"file_size":143,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":144,"language":145,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":146,"faqs":147,"seo_title":148,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":149,"read_time":150},962088121634,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Review  \nClinical Significance of Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate and Renal Cancer  \nTzu-Yi Chen 1, Meredith Mihalopoulos 2, Laura Zuluaga 2, Jordan Rich 2, Teja Ganta 3, Reza Mehrazin 2, Che-Kai Tsao 3, Ash Tewari 1, Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova 4, Ketan Badani 2, Navneet Dogra 1, *  \nand Natasha Kyprianou 2,5, *  \nCitation: Chen, T.-Y.; Mihalopoulos, M.; Zuluaga, L.; Rich, J.; Ganta, T.; Mehrazin, R.; Tsao, C.-K.; Tewari, A.; Gonzalez-Kozlova, E.; Badani, K.; et al. Clinical Significance of Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate and Renal Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 14713. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms241914713  \nAcademic Editors: Cristina Peña and Vanesa Garc½a-Barber¡n  \nReceived: 15 July 2023  \nRevised: 2 September 2023  \nAccepted: 3 September 2023  \nPublished: 28 September 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Pathology & Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; [tina.chen@icahn.mssm.edu](tina.chen@icahn.mssm.edu) (T.-Y.C.); [ash.tewari@mountsinai.org](ash.tewari@mountsinai.org) (A.T.)  \n2 Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; [meredith.mihalopoulos@icahn.mssm.edu](meredith.mihalopoulos@icahn.mssm.edu) (M.M.); [laura.zuluaga@mountsinai.org](laura.zuluaga@mountsinai.org) (L.Z.); [jordan.rich@mountsinai.org](jordan.rich@mountsinai.org) (J.R.); [reza.mehrazin@mountsinai.org](reza.mehrazin@mountsinai.org) (R.M.); [ketan.badani@mountsinai.org](ketan.badani@mountsinai.org) (K.B.)  \n3 Department of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; [teja.ganta@mountsinai.org](teja.ganta@mountsinai.org) (T.G.); [che-kai.tsao@mssm.edu](che-kai.tsao@mssm.edu) (C.-K.T.)  \n4 Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; [edgar.gonzalez-kozlova@mssm.edu](edgar.gonzalez-kozlova@mssm.edu)  \n5 The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY 10029, USA  \n* [Correspondence: navneet.dogra@mssm.edu](Correspondence: navneet.dogra@mssm.edu) (N.D.); [natasha.kyprianou@mountsinai.org](natasha.kyprianou@mountsinai.org) (N.K.)  \nAbstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs)—including apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes—are released by almost all cell types and contain molecular footprints from their cell of origin, including lipids, proteins, metabolites, RNA, and DNA. They have been successfully isolated from blood, urine, semen, and other body fluids. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the predictive value of EVs in prostate and renal cancer. We also describe the findings supporting the use of EVs from liquid biopsies in stratifying high-risk prostate/kidney cancer and advanced disease, such as castration-resistant (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) as well as metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) . Assays based on EVs isolated from urine and blood have the potential to serve as highly sensitive diagnostic studies as well as predictive measures of tumor recurrence in patients with prostate and renal cancers. Overall, we discuss the biogenesis, isolation, liquid-biopsy, and therapeutic applications of EVs in CRPC, NEPC, and RCC.  \nKeywords: exosomes; liquid biopsies; therapeutic targeting; prediction; tumor progression  \n1. Extracellular Vesicles—Introduction  \nAlmost all types of cells, including cancer cells, release a diversity of extracellular vesicles and particles [1,2], comprising of apoptotic bodies (800–5000 nm) [3,4], microvesicles (50–2000 nm) [5,6], exosomes (~30–200 nm) [7,8], and other nanoparticles [9–12]","cbCaioL8LXYu4TL0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioL8LXYu4TL0","pdf",1640254,26,"English","# Abstract\n# Extracellular Vesicles—Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What types of extracellular vesicles are covered in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review includes apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, as well as other extracellular vesicle and nanoparticle populations released by cells.\"},{\"question\":\"How are extracellular vesicles obtained for clinical use?\",\"answer\":\"They have been successfully isolated from liquid sources such as blood, urine, semen, and other body fluids, forming the basis for liquid-biopsy approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the clinical significance of EVs in prostate and renal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"EVs are discussed for their predictive value in prostate and renal cancers, including stratifying high-risk disease and advanced stages such as castration-resistant (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), as well as metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).\"},{\"question\":\"What aspects does the review cover beyond diagnostic prediction?\",\"answer\":\"It covers EV biogenesis and isolation methods, liquid-biopsy applications, and therapeutic targeting approaches in CRPC, NEPC, and RCC.\"}]","Clinical Significance of Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate and Renal Cancer | PDF",1790246846,66]