[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-330173-105":59,"doc-detail-330173-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","clinical-immunotherapy-in-pancreatic-cancer","Clinical immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer","","Pancreatic cancer remains a lethal disease with limited options and high mortality, where systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy still dominates clinical management. Although immunotherapy advances have transformed other cancers, clinical translation in pancreatic cancer has been weak and insufficiently durable. Outcomes remain disappointing across monotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, CAR-T approaches, or combinations with conventional chemoradiotherapy. Preclinical work and trials highlight key barriers including an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, low immunogenicity, and tumor heterogeneity. This review evaluates current strategies and their efforts to overcome resistance, focusing on microenvironment reprogramming and enhanced T cell-mediated tumor killing.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/clinical-immunotherapy-in-pancreatic-cancer/330173/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/clinical-immunotherapy-in-pancreatic-cancer/330173.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is pancreatic cancer treatment clinically challenging?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Pancreatic cancer has grim prognosis and high mortality, with limited early diagnostic options and scarce effective therapies. Standard systemic chemotherapy yields only modest overall survival, and most patients are not eligible for surgery when diagnosed.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do the review’s clinical immunotherapy strategies differ?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review covers monotherapy and multiple immunotherapy classes, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. It also considers combinations with conventional chemoradiotherapy to improve clinical outcomes.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What main mechanisms limit immunotherapy effectiveness in pancreatic cancer?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Key hurdles include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limited immunogenicity, and inherent heterogeneity. These factors collectively reduce durability and effectiveness of immune responses against tumor cells.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},330173,1790015127,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962075006959,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297","Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy (2024) 73:64  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03632-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03632-6)  \nClinical immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer  \nXiaorong Ye1 · Yue Yu1 · Xiaohu Zheng2,3,4 · Hongdi Ma3,5  \nReceived: 7 October 2023 / Accepted: 9 January 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nAbstract  \nPancreatic cancer remains a challenging disease with limited treatment options, resulting in high mortality rates. The predominant approach to managing pancreatic cancer patients continues to be systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy. Despite substantial advancements in immunotherapy strategies for various cancers, their clinical utility in pancreatic cancer has proven less effective and durable. Whether administered as monotherapy, employing immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, chimeric antigen receptors T cells, or in combination with conventional chemoradiotherapy, the clinical outcomes remain underwhelming. Extensive preclinical experiments and clinical trials in the realm of pancreatic cancer have provided valuable insights into the complexities of immunotherapy. Chief among the hurdles are the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limited immunogenicity, and the inherent heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview and critical analysis of current clinical immunotherapy strategies for pancreatic cancer, emphasizing their endeavors to overcome immunotherapy resistance. Particular focus is placed on strategies aimed at reshaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhancing T cell-mediated tumor cell killing. Ultimately, through deeper elucidation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of pancreatic cancer and the refinement of therapeutic approaches, we anticipate breakthroughs that will pave the way for more effective treatments in this challenging disease.  \nKeywords Pancreatic cancer · Chemotherapy · Immunotherapy · Monotherapy · Combination therapy  \nIntroduction  \nPancreatic cancer, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer-related fatalities, remains a formidable malignancy characterized by a grim prognosis and a mortality-to-incidence ratio of 94%[1] . Although there has been a modest improvement in its 5-year survival rate in recent years, a lack of breakthrough treatment options persists. Several  \n* Yue Yu[yuyuemd@ustc.edu.cn](yuyuemd@ustc.edu.cn)  \n* Xiaohu Zheng[ustczxh@ustc.edu.cn](ustczxh@ustc.edu.cn)  \n* Hongdi Ma[mahongdi@ustc.edu.cn](mahongdi@ustc.edu.cn)  \n1 Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China  \n2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China  \nfactors contribute to the dismal outlook for pancreatic cancer patients. Firstly, the absence of early diagnostic markers or discernible clinical symptoms suitable for pancreatic tumor screening often results in the diagnosis of locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of presentation. Secondly, treatment options for pancreatic cancer are exceedingly limited, further compounding the poor prognosis. Conventional treatments, such as FOLFIRINOX (comprising fluorouracil,  \n3 Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China  \n4 Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China  \n5 Depart","cbCaimsUSIIZCZvO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimsUSIIZCZvO","pdf",2910121,28,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Current clinical challenges in pancreatic cancer\n## Rationale for immunotherapy in solid tumors\n## Scope of the review","[{\"question\":\"Why is pancreatic cancer treatment clinically challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Pancreatic cancer has grim prognosis and high mortality, with limited early diagnostic options and scarce effective therapies. Standard systemic chemotherapy yields only modest overall survival, and most patients are not eligible for surgery when diagnosed.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the review’s clinical immunotherapy strategies differ?\",\"answer\":\"The review covers monotherapy and multiple immunotherapy classes, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. It also considers combinations with conventional chemoradiotherapy to improve clinical outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What main mechanisms limit immunotherapy effectiveness in pancreatic cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Key hurdles include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limited immunogenicity, and inherent heterogeneity. These factors collectively reduce durability and effectiveness of immune responses against tumor cells.\"}]","Clinical immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer | PDF",1789987496,71]