[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-486248-105":59,"doc-detail-486248-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension","Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension","","Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is defined as unexplained increased intracranial pressure without a structural cause. The article outlines diagnostic steps, summarizes emerging population evidence linking IIH incidence with obesity, and discusses possible ethnic or racial differences and social determinants affecting access. Key clinical issues include disability risk such as vision loss, consequences of overdiagnosis and resource overuse, potential biases in clinical reasoning, and guidance for early referral to appropriate experts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/486248/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/486248.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aditya","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What defines idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"IIH is a diagnosis characterized by symptoms and signs of unexplained elevated intracranial pressure without an underlying structural cause, and it falls under pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is diagnosing IIH important clinically?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Recognizing IIH helps prevent disability, including vision loss, and improves patients’ quality of life. The article also emphasizes that overdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary healthcare resource use.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors are associated with higher IIH incidence and prevalence?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Population studies show IIH incidence increases as obesity rates rise. The article also notes possible ethnic or racial differences and discusses social determinants that may contribute to disparities in care access.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},486248,1791362665,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962085564549,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension  \nBy Aileen A. Antonio, MD, FAAN  \nABSTRACT  \nOBJECTIVE: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of unexplained increased intracranial pressure. This article provides an overview of the process of diagnosing IIH and summarizes health disparities and potential barriers to care facing patients with IIH.  \nLATEST DEVELOPMENTS: Population studies have shown that IIH incidence increases with the rising rates of obesity, with subsequent financial burden and potential implications for the health care system. There may be ethnic or racial differences in IIH prevalence, and the degree to which social determinants of health affect these differences requires further exploration.  \nESSENTIAL POINTS: IIH, a syndrome secondary to increased intracranial pressure without an underlying structural cause, can lead to disability, including blindness. Overdiagnosis of IIH has led to overutilization of healthcare resources. This article presents the criteria for diagnosing IIH, possible biases that may affect clinical reasoning, and approach to early referral to the appropriate clinical experts.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nI  \ndiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition characterized by symptoms and signs of unexplained elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) inan alert and awake patient. IIH falls under the broader category of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, wherein there is no space-occupying lesion causing the intracranial hypertension.1 IIH is a diagnosis of exclusion, and it is  \nimportant to exclude possible secondary causes of intracranial hypertension aside from brain tumors, such as venous sinus thrombosis and infection that necessitate directed management and therapy. IIH was previously known as benign intracranial hypertension, but this terminology is misleading because the condition has potentially devastating effects on vision, headache burden, increased cardiovascular disease risk, sleep disturbance, and depression.2-4 It is crucial to recognize IIH to prevent disability related to blindness and to improve patients’ quality of life.  \nREVIEW ARTICLE  \n􀀁  \nCONTINUUM AUDIO INTERVIEW AVAILABLE ONLINE  \nCITE AS:  \nCONTINUUM (MIN NEA P M INN) 2025;31(3, DISORDERS OF CSF DYNAMICS):709–727.  \nAddress correspondence to Dr Aileen A. Antonio, Hauenstein Neurosciences, Trinity Health Grand Rapids, 245 Cherry St SE, Ste 204, Grand Rapids, MI 49525, Aileen.Antonio@trinity[health.org](health.org).  \nRELATIONSHIP DISCLOSURE: Dr Antonio has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for The Cochrane Collaboration. The institution of Dr Antonio has received research support from Saint Mary’s Foundation, and Dr Antonio has received research support from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) .  \nUNLABELED USE OF PRODUCTS/INVESTIGATIONAL USE DISCLOSURE:  \nDr Antonio reports no disclosure.  \n© 2025 American Academy of Neurology.  \nCONTINUUM JOURNAL . COM 709  \nCopyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.  \nDIAGNOSIS OF IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION  \nEPIDEMIOLOGY  \nUnderstanding the incidence and prevalence of IIH, its social determinants, and the burden of caring for patients with IIH helps identify gaps in care that may lead to better IIH health care delivery.  \nIncidence and Prevalence of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension  \nIIH is commonly seen in women with a body mass index [BMI] greater than 30 kg/m2 and of reproductive age (15 to 44 years old), with a median annual incidence of 1.97 per 100,000 in women versus 0.36 per 100,000 in men from 1997 to 2016 in the United States.5 There was a 1.35-fold increase in prevalence in the United States from 11.3 female individuals per 100,000 in 2015 to 15.4 female individuals per 100,000 in 2022 .6 In the United Kingdom, there was a 108% increase in IIH incidence f","cbCaioi7olekmzMX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioi7olekmzMX","pdf",12339611,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension\n## Epidemiology\n## Incidence and Prevalence of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension","[{\"question\":\"What defines idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)?\",\"answer\":\"IIH is a diagnosis characterized by symptoms and signs of unexplained elevated intracranial pressure without an underlying structural cause, and it falls under pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is diagnosing IIH important clinically?\",\"answer\":\"Recognizing IIH helps prevent disability, including vision loss, and improves patients’ quality of life. The article also emphasizes that overdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary healthcare resource use.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors are associated with higher IIH incidence and prevalence?\",\"answer\":\"Population studies show IIH incidence increases as obesity rates rise. The article also notes possible ethnic or racial differences and discusses social determinants that may contribute to disparities in care access.\"}]","Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension | PDF",1790806031,48]