[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-436206-105":59,"doc-detail-436206-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","clinical-characteristics-and-treatment-of-psychosis-in-parkinsons-disease-a-narrative-review","Clinical characteristics and treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease - A narrative review","","Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder combining motor and non-motor manifestations, with psychosis emerging in later stages. Psychosis in PD (PDP) is common, complex, and highly disabling, linked to poorer quality of life, accelerated cognitive decline, increased need for hospitalization or institutionalization, and higher mortality. Hallucinations are a major PDP feature, initially sporadic but more frequent over time, disrupting daily function. After excluding comorbid causes, clinicians may adjust antiparkinsonian therapy and, when necessary, start antipsychotics such as pimavanserin or second-generation agents. Further studies are needed to clarify PDP mechanisms.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/clinical-characteristics-and-treatment-of-psychosis-in-parkinsons-disease-a-narrative-review/436206/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/clinical-characteristics-and-treatment-of-psychosis-in-parkinsons-disease-a-narrative-review/436206.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does psychosis in Parkinson’s disease typically affect patients?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Psychosis in Parkinson’s disease is common in later stages and is significantly disabling. It is associated with poorer quality of life, accelerated cognitive decline, and higher rates of hospitalization or institutionalization, as well as increased mortality.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the role of hallucinations in psychosis in Parkinson’s disease?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Hallucinations are a key symptom of PDP. They may begin sporadically but become more frequent as the disease progresses, and they substantially disrupt daily activities.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What treatment approach is recommended after excluding other causes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"After excluding comorbid conditions that could explain psychosis, correction of antiparkinsonian therapy may be required. If needed, antipsychotics are recommended, with the latest guidance prioritizing pimavanserin when available, otherwise second-generation or atypical antipsychotics.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},436206,1790765885,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","J Chin MedAssoc  \nReview ARticle  \nClinical characteristics and treatment of  \npsychosis in Parkinson’s disease: A narrative review  \nJelena Stamenovića,b,*, Biljana Živadinovića,b, Vanja Đurićc  \naMedical Faculty, Department of Neurology, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia; bClinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Niš, Niš, Serbia; cPolyclinic “Neuromedic”, Niš, Serbia  \nAbstract  \nParkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder whose clinical presentation consists of motor and non-motor signs and symptoms. Among the non-motor symptoms, psychosis can occur in the later stages of the disease. Psychosis in PD (PDP) is a common, complex, and significantly disabling disorder associated with poorer quality of life, accelerated cognitive decline, need for hospitalization or institutionalization, and mortality. Hallucinations are a significant symptom of PDP, sporadic at first but more frequent in the later course of the disease, and significantly disrupt daily activities. Appropriate and timely screening of psychotic manifestations is necessary for adequate therapeutic procedures. After the exclusion of comorbid conditions as a possible cause of psychosis, correction of antiparkinsonian therapy may be required, and if necessary, the introduction of antipsychotics. The latest therapeutic recommendations include the use of pimavanserin, if available, otherwise second-generation or atypical antipsychotics. Although PDP has long been recognized as a possible complication in the course of the disease, further clinical studies are needed to fully understand its etiopathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanisms.  \nKeywords: Atypical antipsychotics; Hallucinations; Parkinson’s disease; Psychosis  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nParkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to significant disability. Clinical presentation includes motor and non-motor signs and symptoms.1  \nCardinal clinical signs are tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity, which are joined in the later stages of the disease by postural reflex disorder.2  \nNon-motor symptoms are represented by psychiatric and autonomic disorders, sleep disturbances, and sensory symptoms.3  \n972 [www.ejcma.org](www.ejcma.org)[ ](www.ejcma.org)\u003Cz10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001146>  \nReview Article. (2024) 87:11 J Chin MedAssoc  \nPsychosis in PD (PDP) is one of the most common, complex, and significantly disabling associated disorders, with an estimated prevalence of 43% to 63% in the later stages of PD.4,5 PDP is associated with a lower quality of life, disability, accelerated cognitive decline, the need for hospitalization or institutionalization, and mortality.6  \n2. EPIDEMIOLOGY  \nAlmost all PD patients are considered to develop at least one psychiatric manifestation in the late phase of the disease.7 In a study of 250 parkinsonian patients, the prevalence of any psychotic symptom was 26%; 47.7% of patients with PDP had mild symptoms, and 52.3% had hallucinations and/or delusions.8 A retrospective study of 1453 outpatients with PD found that 53.9% of late-onset and 22.1% of early-onset PD patients eventually developed psychosis by 12 years of disease duration.9 One study reported a 29% prevalence of any psychotic symptom in a cohort of 199 PD outpatients.10 In a recent study, it was determined that 38% of 100 parkinsonian patients suffered from minor hallucinations (feelings of“presence”,“transient” hallucinations, and visual illusions) based on a questionnaire analysis.11 It is estimated that more than 50% of parkinsonian patients will develop at least one psychotic symptom during the course of the disease.12  \n3. RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING PSYCHOSIS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE  \n3.1. Genetic factors  \nCerebral apolipoprotein E (APOE) is involved in several cellular processes includingthe metabolism and clearance of b-amyloid.13 The APOE gene has three alleles, called e2, e3, and e4 . The APOE e4 allele is associated with an earlier on","cbCaim8XWFbQQIYb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim8XWFbQQIYb","pdf",609432,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Epidemiology\n# Risk Factors for Developing Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease\n## Genetic factors","[{\"question\":\"How does psychosis in Parkinson’s disease typically affect patients?\",\"answer\":\"Psychosis in Parkinson’s disease is common in later stages and is significantly disabling. It is associated with poorer quality of life, accelerated cognitive decline, and higher rates of hospitalization or institutionalization, as well as increased mortality.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of hallucinations in psychosis in Parkinson’s disease?\",\"answer\":\"Hallucinations are a key symptom of PDP. They may begin sporadically but become more frequent as the disease progresses, and they substantially disrupt daily activities.\"},{\"question\":\"What treatment approach is recommended after excluding other causes?\",\"answer\":\"After excluding comorbid conditions that could explain psychosis, correction of antiparkinsonian therapy may be required. If needed, antipsychotics are recommended, with the latest guidance prioritizing pimavanserin when available, otherwise second-generation or atypical antipsychotics.\"}]","Clinical characteristics and treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease - A narrative review | PDF",1790677165]