[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-43266-en":3,"doc-seo-43266-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},43266,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",8,"Research & Report","Climate Change Impacts on Health and Livelihoods: Kenya Assessment","Climate Change Impacts on Health and Livelihoods: Kenya Assessment (April 2021) analyzes how Kenya’s climate risks can translate into health and livelihood vulnerabilities. It highlights urgent threats including the geographic expansion of vector-borne diseases, rising waterborne disease burdens, and nutrition impacts from longer drier spells, higher land-surface temperatures, and water scarcity affecting agriculture. It also connects droughts, floods, displacement, and conflict-driven migration with broader public health pressures, and notes gendered risks such as transactional relationships linked to FGM.","APRIL 2021  \nCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTSON HEALTH:  \nKENYA ASSESSMENT  \nCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON HEALTH AND LIVELIHOODS: KENYA ASSESSMENT  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nThis assessment was written by Tilly Alcayna (Lead Consultant), Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre with support from Tima Munthali, Vivian Njogu, Mizan Michael, Laura Stewart (Junior Researchers), Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre.  \nThe authors would like to thank staff from the Kenya Red Cross Society and Technical Advisors at IFRC Africa Regional Office for their generous time and input into the assessment.  \nThe authors would also like to thank the following people for their involvement in the conception, facilitation and management of the study:  \nEddie Jjemba, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre; Dejen Zwedu, Ethiopian Red Cross; Emmah Mwangi, Kenyan Red Cross; Dan Kapombosola-Banda, Malawi Red Cross; Fleur Monasso, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre; Meghan Bailey, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre; Bettina Koele, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, Shaban Mawanda Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre.  \nThis guide was designed by Eszter Sarody, and copy-edited by Sarah Tempest.  \nThe authors also wish to thank the Finnish Red Cross, the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the IFRC for their financial contribution to this assessment  \nApril 2021.  \nThe views in this report are those of the authors alone and not necessarily the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, the IFRC, ICRC or any National Society.  \nCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON HEALTH AND LIVELIHOODS: KENYA ASSESSMENT  \nCONTENTS  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4  \n1. INTRODUCTION 8  \n1.1. POLICY LANDSCAPE 8  \n2. CLIMATE PROJECTIONS 9  \n2.1. GENERAL CLIMATE 9  \n2.2. EXTREME WEATHER AND CLIMATE 9  \n2.3. CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY 10  \n3. AT-RISK POPULATIONS 11  \n4. HEALTH IMPACTS 12  \n4.1. DIRECT INJURY AND MORTALITY 12  \n4.2. INFECTIOUS DISEASE PATTERNS 14  \n4.3. WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) 16  \n4.4. FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION 17  \n4.6. MENTAL HEALTH 19  \n4.7. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 22  \n5. SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS 23  \n6. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES 24  \nREFERENCES 33  \nANNEX A: EXISTING PROJECTS 39  \nINTERNATIONAL NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION PROJECTS 39  \nNATIONAL GOVERNMENT PROJECTS 39  \nCIVIL SOCIETY AND NGO PROJECTS 40  \n3 Cover photo: © IFRC  \nCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON HEALTH AND LIVELIHOODS: KENYA ASSESSMENT  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \nThe global climate crisis will affect Kenya through increased temperatures over most regions increasing the number of ‘hot’ days (i.e. above 30°C) (certain); small increases in total rainfall in the rainy season (uncertain); and increases in the number of days with extreme rainfall leading to floods (likely) . The climate crisis has the potential to deepen existing health vulnerabilities and create new ones, especially as Kenya hosts one of the largest refugee populations in Africa. The National Programme of Adaptation and the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions place a priority on climate change adaptation in the health sector.  \nThe most urgent risks ofthe climate crisis to human health in Kenya are the geographic expansion of climate sensitive vector-borne diseases, an increase in waterborne diseases, and the nutrition implications of food shortages due to longer drier spells, increased land-surface temperature and water scarcity impacting agriculture.  \nClimatic stresses and shocks will also influence migration. Severe and frequent drought and floods in the region as well as conflicts have caused displacement and increased in-migrant refugees from neighboring countries (such as Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Somalia and South Sudan) . In Kenya, extreme climate conditions such as prolonged droughts, flash floods and epidemics are already affecting many rural communities and have the potential to undermine coping capacity and spiral these populations into crisis.  \nIn addition, changes in acc","cbCaikoo2vKDvWBg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikoo2vKDvWBg","pdf",1504402,4,1,41,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n## Policy Landscape\n# Climate Projections\n## General Climate\n## Extreme Weather and Climate\n## Climate Change and Variability\n# At-Risk Populations\n# Health Impacts\n## Direct Injury and Mortality\n## Infectious Disease Patterns\n## Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)\n## Food Insecurity and Undernutrition\n## Mental Health\n## Critical Infrastructure\n# Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights\n# Recommendations and Opportunities\n# References\n# Annex A: Existing Projects","[{\"question\":\"What are the most urgent climate-related health risks identified for Kenya?\",\"answer\":\"The report highlights expansion of climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases, increased waterborne diseases, and nutrition consequences from food shortages driven by longer dry spells, higher land-surface temperatures, and water scarcity affecting agriculture.\"},{\"question\":\"How does climate change influence migration and displacement in Kenya?\",\"answer\":\"Severe and frequent droughts and floods, together with conflicts, cause displacement and can increase in-migrant refugees from neighboring countries. Extreme conditions already affect many rural communities and can weaken coping capacity.\"},{\"question\":\"What gender-related vulnerability does the assessment connect to climate and livelihoods?\",\"answer\":\"Changes in access to agriculture for food and income can leave women especially vulnerable to transactional “fish for sex” relationships. The report also links this context with an increasing incidence of female genital mutilation (FGM) in northern Kenya through cross-border cutting ceremonies and subsequent marriage arrangements.\"}]",1783379400,103,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"climate-change-impacts-on-health-and-livelihoods-kenya-assessment","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/climate-change-impacts-on-health-and-livelihoods-kenya-assessment/43266/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-16","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What are the most urgent climate-related health risks identified for Kenya?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The report highlights expansion of climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases, increased waterborne diseases, and nutrition consequences from food shortages driven by longer dry spells, higher land-surface temperatures, and water scarcity affecting agriculture.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does climate change influence migration and displacement in Kenya?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Severe and frequent droughts and floods, together with conflicts, cause displacement and can increase in-migrant refugees from neighboring countries. Extreme conditions already affect many rural communities and can weaken coping capacity.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What gender-related vulnerability does the assessment connect to climate and livelihoods?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Changes in access to agriculture for food and income can leave women especially vulnerable to transactional “fish for sex” relationships. The report also links this context with an increasing incidence of female genital mutilation (FGM) in northern Kenya through cross-border cutting ceremonies and subsequent marriage arrangements.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]